Table
R & D expenditure and R&D personnel in OECD countries, as share of GDP and labour force. Percentage| | Gross Domestic Expenditure on R & D. Million PPP dollar. 2017 | GERD as percentage of GDP | R & D expenditure in the business enterprise sector (BERD) as percentage of GDP | Total R & D personnel per thousand labour force |
|---|
| | 2010 | 2017 | 2010 | 2017 | 2010 | 2017 |
|---|
| Austria | 14 966.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 14.20 | 17.3 |
|---|
| Belgium | 15 189.0 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 12.27 | 16.4 |
|---|
| Canada | 27 162.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 12.59 | .. |
|---|
| Chile | 1 590.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.48 | .. |
|---|
| Czech Republic | 7 213.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 9.92 | 12.97 |
|---|
| Denmark | 9 545.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 19.18 | 20.87 |
|---|
| Estonia | 567.8 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 7.71 | 8.62 |
|---|
| Finland | 7 038.5 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 20.78 | 17.97 |
|---|
| France | 64 672.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 13.83 | 14.63 |
|---|
| Germany | 132 004.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 13.16 | 15.89 |
|---|
| Greece | 3 476.6 | 0.6 | 1.13 | 0.24 | 0.55 | .. | 9.96 |
|---|
| Hungary | 3 801.4 | 1.1 | 1.35 | 0.68 | 0.99 | 7.49 | 8.77 |
|---|
| Iceland | 399.8 | .. | 2.10 | 1.31 | 1.35 | .. | 15.90 |
|---|
| Ireland | .. | 1.59 | .. | 1.09 | 0.94 | 8.97 | .. |
|---|
| Israel | 15 391.5 | 3.94 | 4.54 | 3.27 | 3.91 | .. | .. |
|---|
| Italy | 33 542.9 | 1.22 | 1.35 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 9.18 | 11.23 |
|---|
| Japan | 170 900.7 | 3.14 | 3.21 | 2.40 | 2.53 | 13.24 | 13.31 |
|---|
| Korea | 90 979.6 | 3.47 | 4.55 | 2.59 | 3.62 | 13.55 | 17.09 |
|---|
| Latvia | 281.0 | 0.61 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 5.27 | 5.49 |
|---|
| Luxembourg | 806.3 | 1.50 | 1.26 | 1.00 | 0.68 | 13.25 | 12.08 |
|---|
| Mexico | .. | 0.53 | .. | 0.19 | .. | 1.44 | .. |
|---|
| Netherlands | 18 563.6 | 1.72 | 1.99 | 0.83 | 1.17 | 11.44 | 15.20 |
|---|
| New Zealand | 2 647.5 | .. | 1.37 | .. | 0.75 | .. | .. |
|---|
| Norway | 6 869.3 | 1.65 | 2.09 | 0.84 | 1.10 | 13.88 | 16.68 |
|---|
| Poland | 11 757.8 | 0.72 | 1.03 | 0.19 | 0.67 | 4.78 | 7.03 |
|---|
| Portugal | 4 454.1 | 1.53 | 1.33 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 8.67 | 10.54 |
|---|
| Slovak Republic | 1 554.2 | 0.62 | 0.88 | 0.26 | 0.48 | 6.72 | 6.10 |
|---|
| Slovenia | 1 391.9 | 2.06 | 1.86 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 12.43 | 14.33 |
|---|
| Spain | 21 932.0 | 1.35 | 1.21 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 9.50 | 9.49 |
|---|
| Sweden | 17 561.7 | 3.22 | 3.40 | 2.21 | 2.42 | 15.65 | 16.53 |
|---|
| Switzerland | 18 900.0 | .. | 3.37 | .. | 2.34 | .. | 15.44 |
|---|
| Turkey | 21 729.5 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.34 | 0.55 | 3.19 | 4.85 |
|---|
| United Kingdom | 49 345.3 | 1.67 | 1.66 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 11.11 | 12.71 |
|---|
| United States | 543 249.0 | 2.74 | 2.79 | 1.86 | 2.04 | .. | .. |
|---|
| European Union (28) | 430 121.0 | 1.84 | 1.97 | 1.12 | 1.30 | .. | 12.38 |
|---|
| European Union (15) | 397 754.1 | 1.99 | 2.13 | 1.24 | 1.40 | 10.56 | 13.66 |
|---|
| OECD - Total | 1 360 044.3 | 2.29 | 2.37 | 1.52 | 1.67 | 11.82 | .. |
|---|
| Non-OECD Economies | | | | | | | |
|---|
| China | 495 980.9 | 1.71 | 2.15 | 1.26 | 1.66 | 3.26 | 5.00 |
|---|
| Russia | 41 868.0 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 11.13 | 10.22 |
|---|