Content
About the statistics
Definitions
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Name and topic
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Name: Earnings in manufacturing
Topic: Labour market and earnings
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Responsible division
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Division for Income and Wage Statistics
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Definitions of the main concepts and variables
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In the statistics, wages and salaries refer only to cash payments from employer to employee for work rendered. The statistics hence do not include payment in kind, insurance or non-taxable expense allowances and the like.
Monthly earnings
Gross monthly earnings. Includes basic salaries, variable additional allowances and bonuses. Overtime pay is not included.
Basic monthly salary
Basic monthly salary is the actual payment at the time of the census, and is often described as salary on a scale or regular basic wage. Qualification/skills allowances and other regular personal allowances are included. Wages or salaries can be paid per hour, week, fortnight or month.
Variable additional allowances
Variable additional allowances are associated with special duties, and the figure given is a calculated average per month for the period 1 January to the time of the census. Included are allowances such as shift allowance, allowances for working evenings and nights, call-out allowance, dirty conditions allowance, offshore allowance and other allowances that occur irregularly.
Bonuses
This item includes allowances usually not connected with specific duties and where the payments occur irregularly with respect to the period in which they are earned or to which they apply. Types of payments include commissions, profit sharing, production allowance and gratuities, and are a calculated average per month for the period from the 4th quarter of the previous year to the time of the census.
Overtime pay
Overtime pay covers the sum of cash compensation for work carried out beyond contractual working hours, and is a calculated average per month over the period 1 January to the time of the census.
Estimated annual earnings
Annual earnings are an estimate for 12 months of the calendar year and are based on the monthly earnings at the census time. Includes basic paid wages and salaries, variable additional allowances, bonuses, but does not include holiday pay supplement and overtime pay.
Full-time and part time
Information is collected on all employees regardless of contractual working hours. Employees with a contractual 33 hours or more per week are regarded as full-time employees. Employees in municipalities, in publicly maintained schools and central government are regarded as full-time employees when engaged in a 100 per cent occupation. Employees with less than 33 hours work-time per week or engaged in an occupation of less than 100 per cent are defined as part-time employees.
Full-time equivalents
In the wage statistics employees with less than 33 hours work-time per week or engaged in an occupation of less than 100 per cent are defined as part-time employees. To be able to compare earnings for full-time and part-time employees the earnings for a part-time employee is recalculated to the earnings a full-time employee would receive. This is done by using the ratio of the working hours for each part-time employee and the average working hours for full-time employees in the industry as the factor of recalculation. Monthly earnings per full-time equivalent for part-time employees may then be put together with monthly earnings for full-time employees and thus it is made possible to calculate average monthly earnings for all employees.
Contractual working hours
Contractual working hours is defined as the contractual number of working hours per week, excluding meal breaks. No deductions are made for absences due to holiday, illness, leave of absence or the like. For employees with working hours that varies from one week to another, the average number of hours per week is reported for the year or for the last month.
Age and sex
The national identity number indicates age and sex.
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Standard classifications
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Industrial classification.
A key component of the wage statistics is classification by industry in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification (SN 2007), which is the Norwegian version of the new international Standard Industrial Classification (SIC94). Standard Industrial Classfication (SN2007) .
Classification of occupation.
The Standard Classification of Occupation (C521), which is the Norwegian version of the International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO-88), is used in the statistics. This set of occupation codes is established throughout the wage statistics, either through direct input or by encoding from other occupation codes.
More information on the Standard Classification of Occupation (C521) .
Education classification.
Education levels are obtained from the register of the Population’s Highest Level of Education (BHU). The classification is by the length of education according to the Standard for Educational Classification.
More information about the Standard Education Classification .
The figures for 2005 are based on new definitions for what is required to obtain the different levels of education in Norway. The figures for wages by education are therefore not comparable from 2004 and earlier years. More information on http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/04/01/utniv_en/ .
From 2011 the results from the survey on education completed abroad are included in the BHU. The survey resulted in a decline in the share of unknown education in the BHU from 43 per cent to 20 per cent. This affects the wage statistics from 2012. More information about the survey:
http://www.ssb.no/utdanning/artikler-og-publikasjoner/undersoekelse-om-utdanning
http://www.ssb.no/utdanning/artikler-og-publikasjoner/_attachment/115532?_ts=13ee60920b0
Administrative information
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Regional level
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National level.
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Frequency and timeliness
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Frequency: Annual per third quarter Timeliness: Publication in January the succeeding year
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International reporting
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Eurostat, ILO
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Microdata
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Raw data files with wage data put through link programs are stored.
Background
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Background and purpose
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The purpose of the statistics is to provide an overview of wage levels and wage changes for employees in manufacturing. The statistics in the current form were established in 1997.
Publications of wage statistics in 2009 apply a new Standard industrial classification (SN2007) . Wage statistics from 2008/2009 presented here are thus according to the new standard. Due to this, wage statistics from 2007 and earlier years are not directly comparable to the statistics from 2008/2009 and the years later. Closed time series from the period 1997-2007can be find using the link; Statbank .
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Users and applications
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Major users are the Technical Reporting Committee on the Income Settlement, research institutes, employee and employer organizations, Eurostat, the media, business and industry and private individuals. The statistics are included in Statistics Norway's National Accounts and in quarterly wage indices.
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Equal treatment of users
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Not relevant
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Coherence with other statistics
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New annual wage statistics for most industrial sections were established in 1997. The wage statistics are to be uniform and comparable among the sections.
From 1st quarter 1998 a quarterly wage index has also been established.
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Legal authority
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EEA reference
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Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 of 21 October 2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings
and Commission Regulation (EC) No 698/2006 of 5 May 2006 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 as regards quality evaluation of structural statistics on labour costs and earnings
Production
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Population
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The population covers all enterprises in Statistics Norway’s Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises in Section C of the Standard Industrial Classification .
Each enterprise covers one or more establishments grouped by industrial category. The wage statistics data are obtained for each establishment at the person level.
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Data sources and sampling
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Data are obtained via forms or electronic media from the units covered by the sample. Information is obtained on wages, bonuses and commissions, variable additional allowances, overtime, occupation and working hours of the individual employee in the establishment.
Information from Statistics Norway’s Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises and the register on the Highest Level of Education of the Population (BHU) are added to the incoming data.
The sample consists of enterprises drawn from the population. The population is basically all active enterprises in the section, with the exception of small enterprises with fewer than 5 employees, which are not included in the frame population.
The statistics are based on sampling. The final sample comprises a census part and a sample part. In the census part all enterprises with more than a certain number of employees are included, while the sample part comprises a stratified sampling of small and medium-sized enterprises. Also taken into account are the needs for the statistical basis that the parties in the wage settlement have.
The objective of the sample selection process is basically to get samples that ensure a representative basis for the statistics and avoid burdening all enterprises in the industry with forms to fill in. Another objective is to ensure that the smallest enterprises are the least possible burdened with reporting obligations.
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Collection of data, editing and estimations
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The time of the census for wage statistics for employees in manufacturing is 1 October each year.
Instructions and forms that concern the establishments in the sample are sent to the enterprises. Two different types of forms are used, one for establishments affiliated with the Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry and another for the remaining establishments.
The respondent may submit the statements in electronic form, through Altinn RA-0500 The electronic reporting is described in a separate document, Requirement specification for electronic reporting , variables and file description, which is distributed to software suppliers and enterprises that organize their own payroll systems. A number of suppliers of wage administration systems have made arrangements for electronic reporting. Control and revision of wage statistics take place on several levels, where most of the operations are automated, with respect to both the actual control and any possible correction.
When receiving forms or files, a simple check is made that certain key variables are correctly filled in. This concern primarily national identity number, occupation, basic paid salaries and contractual working hours per week. The individual variables are checked in more detail in priority order in the subsequent quality control process. The highest priority is given to the variables mentioned, followed by controls of bonuses, commissions and the like, variable additional allowances and overtime.
The numerical data collected from the sample should represent the average wage level in the industry. The figures from the sample must therefore be weighted. Weighting in the statistics is based on the inverse inclusion probability and post-stratification with regard to industry and employment at the date of the census. The weights are additionally adjusted for any imbalances due to non-response. The purpose of weighting is primarily to obtain an inflation of the sample so that the units in the sample reflect the population.
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Seasonal adjustment
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Not relevant
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Confidentiality
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Not relevant
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Comparability over time and space
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Publications of wage statistics in 2009 apply a new Standard industrial classification (SN2007) . Wage statistics 2008/2009 presented here are thus according to the new standard. Due to this figures are not comparable to the 2008/2009 figures. For statistics for 1997-2007can be find using the link; Previous articles .
The figures for 2005 are based on new definitions for what is required to obtain the different levels of education in Norway. The figures for wages by education are therefore not comparable from 2004 and earlier years. More information on http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/04/01/utniv_en/ .
From 2011 the results from the survey on education completed abroad are included in the BHU. The survey resulted in a decline in the share of unknown education in the BHU from 43 per cent to 20 per cent. This affects the wage statistics from 2012. More information about the survey:
http://www.ssb.no/utdanning/artikler-og-publikasjoner/undersoekelse-om-utdanning
http://www.ssb.no/utdanning/artikler-og-publikasjoner/_attachment/115532?_ts=13ee60920b0
Accuracy and reliability
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Sources of error and uncertainty
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Measurement errors
Measurement errors can mainly occur because the respondent misunderstands what is included in and consequently reported in each column on the form or because it is very difficult for the respondent to find the information requested. All variables collected and that are directly or indirectly included in released statistics are checked, either in logical controls or by absolute limits for what is considered valid. If important data are missing in the received reports, the data are obtained either by returning the form, by a phone call to the respondent or by imputation.
Processing errors
The data that are received are registered either by optical scanning, manual recording or loading files structured according to the electronic requirement specification. Several controls are carried out on the material.
Unit non-response.
Non-response in the wage statistics is between 2.5 and 5 per cent. The main reasons for non-response are that enterprises no longer have employees because the business has been closed, sold or taken over by new owners, has gone bankrupt or has been merged in the time period between the selection of the sample and the time of the census. There is furthermore a small group that report too late to make it into the statistics. Non-responses that are not randomly distributed can still make the sample biased. Post-stratication adjusts any imbalances arising in the distribution between the stratification variables due to non-response.
Partial non-response.
Non-response in several of the items collected by form and used in the wage statistics can normally be logically calculated on the basis of other information given on the form or imputed from earlier years.
Since sampling errors are errors that may arise in areas subject to sampling, such errors are only relevant for data for "other financial mediation". In monetary intermediation and insurance all enterprises are included, so that this issue is avoided.
Variance
All sample-based surveys will be burdened with a certain uncertainty. Generally, the results are less certain the fewer the observations they are based on. Uncertainty also depends on wage dispersion and rate of coverage for the various variables in the population from which the sample is drawn. Groups that are based on relatively few observations will easily be affected by so-called extreme observations, or observations that deviate markedly from the group average. Such extreme observations are carefully considered on a case-by-case basis for inclusion in the statistical basis.
Frame errors
Incorrect industry codes and/or employment data in Statistics Norway’s Register of Establishments and Enterprises during the selection of the sample may result in the establishments being placed in the wrong industry or selection stratum.
Model errors
These are error types that include possible errors in model assumptions in the statistics.
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Revision
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Not relevant
The statistics is published with Earnings.
Additional information
Structural changes within the division along with the outcome of collective bargaining would have a certain effect on the wage increase being measured.