13573_om_not-searchable
/en/sosiale-forhold-og-kriminalitet/statistikker/vold/arkiv
13573_om
statistikk
2008-07-18T10:00:00.000Z
Social conditions, welfare and crime;Social conditions, welfare and crime
en
false

Victimisation and fear of crime, survey on living conditions, 2007

Content

About the statistics

Definitions

Name and topic

Name: Victimisation and fear of crime, survey on living conditions
Topic: Social conditions, welfare and crime

Responsible division

Division for Income and social welfare statistics

Definitions of the main concepts and variables

Exposed to violence : We ask the responents whether they during the last 12 months have been exposed to violence with or without visible marks or injury. Accordingly we ask how many times respondents have been exposed to these kinds of incidents.

Exposed to threats of violence : We ask respondents whether they during the last 12 months have been exposed to threats of violence to the extent that they were scared. Thereafter we ask how many times this has occurred during that period.

Exposed to theft or criminal damage : We ask the respondents whether they during the last 12 months have been exposed to theft or criminal damage, thereafter how many times this has occurred during this period.

Fear of violence or threats of violence : The respondents are asked whether they recently have feared exposure to violence or threats of violence when walking alone in their neighborhood.

Fear of thefts or criminal damage : We ask the respondents whether they recently have been anxious of being exposed to violence or threats when walking alone in their neighborhood.

Standard classifications

Register information:

Age

Persons are grouped by age at year-end for the completion of the main part of the interview.

Area of residence

Persons are grouped according to sparsely populated areas or densely populated areas of different size. Sparsely populated areas include clusters of houses with less than 200 inhabitants. Densely populated areas include areas with 200 inhabitants or more, and a distance between houses - as a main rule - not more than 50 meters.

Region

The regions include the following counties:

Oslo and Akershus

Eastern Norway excluding Oslo and Akershus: Østfold, Vestfold, Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud and Telemark

Agder and Rogaland: Aust-Agder, Vest-Agder and Rogaland

Western Norway: Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Møre and Romsdal

Trøndelag: Sør-Trøndelag and Nord-Trøndelag

Northern Norway: Nordland, Troms and Finnmark.

Family cycle phase

Persons are grouped mainly by age, marital status and whether the person has children. There is a distinction between singles and couples, where couples include both married and cohabitants. The concept single persons do not necessarily refer to persons living alone in the household.

The groups with children consist of persons living with their own child(ren) (including stepchildren and adopted children) aged 0-19 years in the household.

Administrative information

Regional level

National, regional and residential area.

Frequency and timeliness

The Survey of Living Conditions EU-SILC, is carried out annually. From 2011 onwards the survey consists of a set of core questions and a theme sections with rotating topics. The topics are repeated in a cycle of three years. In 2011 and 2014, the topics were outdoor activities, organizational activity, political participation and social networks. In 2012 and 2015 the topics are housing conditions and offences and fear of crime. In 2013 and 2016 the use of cultural actvities, sport and physical activity will be dealt with. Every three years there is conducted separate surveys of health care and social relations (last in 2008) and work and working conditions (last in 2009).

International reporting

As from 2011 the data collection of the national topics in the living survey is coordinated with the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). EU-SILC is a European sample survey of income, social exclusion and living conditions that are coordinated through the EU's statistics agency Eurostat, and anchored in the European Statistical System (ESS). Data from the EU-SILC is sent to Eurostat annually. The annual cross-sectional files covers the years t-1. The annual panel files covers t-2 to t-5.

Microdata

Data files with results from the interviews and statistical files with coded variables, linked information and weights are stored. Anonymised files are also available for researchers through the NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data .

Background

Background and purpose

There are two main purposes of living surveys aim to satisfy. They will firstly make it possible to shed light on the main aspects of living conditions and inequalities in living conditions. Secondly, the study of living conditions make it possible to follow the living conditions development, both the level of living conditions and inequalities.

The Survey of Living Conditions EU-SILC will, together with the surveys of working conditions and health care and social contact, over a 3-year period cover the major areas of living conditions.

From 1973 to 1995 there was carried out six general surveys. The studies shed light on economics, housing condition, leisure, social networks, health, education, employment and working conditions.

In 1996 a coordinated system of surveys was introduced. The system consisted of annual surveys with a set of rotating topics and an annual panel survey. Work environment was the theme in 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009. Housing, leisure activities and victims of crime was the theme in 1997, 2001, 2004 and 2007. Health care and social relations was the theme in 1998, 2002, 2005 and 2008. The annual panel survey covered some important main topic.

In 2011 a new system of survey of living conditions was introduced. A key objective of the new system was better coordination with international requirements connected to EU-SILC. The new system in high degree covers earlier topics, in addition to new themes to illuminate political participation, social networks and economic and social problems.

The regular living conditions survey by Statistics Norway consists, from 2011, of the annual Survey of Living Conditions EU-SILC, a survey of working environment that is carried out every three years (last in 2009), and a survey of health, care and social relations, that is also carried out approximately every three years (last in 2008). The Survey of Living Conditions EU-SILC has a fixed core of questions which mainly covers household, housing, finances, health and work. Each year a topic section with varying themes are asked as well, and these are to be repeated every three years. The topics are: Leisure and outdoor activities, organization activity, political participation and social network (the first time in 2011). Exploration of housing conditions as well as offences and fear of crime (the first time in 2012). Sports activities and cultural activities (the first time in 2013).

In addition to the regular surveys of living conditions Statistics Norway, commissioned from outside, conduct individual surveys among selected groups.

Users and applications

The main users are government ministries, directorates, and research communities in the areas of working environment, health care, housing, leisure, local environment, crime and living conditions in general.

Apart from this the statistics serve as a basis for information to the media and others interested in the condition and development in the living conditions.

Equal treatment of users

No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 10 am. Prior to this, a notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of the most important Principles for Equal treatment of users in releasing statistics and analyses.

Coherence with other statistics

The concept of living conditions covers a very wide range of topics and statistics on living conditions is therefore associated with many other statistics.

Information on housing is also available in the annual Dwelling stock statistics. The  Population and Housing Census makes breakdowns on more detailed geographical level possible. Some information from the Population and Housing Census 2001 was applied in the SLC on housing conditions in 2001. The Survey of Consumer Expenditure has also issues on housing conditions, among other things a more detailed summary of most kinds of housing expenditures

Information on employment is collected from several sources. The Labour Force Survey is an important source and provide some information that supplements the information in the study of living conditions, eg. training in the workplace, weekend work, working arrangements and disability relation to the labor market. Some records like the employee/employer registry, sick leave registry etc. are also relevant. The information in these registers can also be utilized in the survey of living conditions.

The topic leisure activities does not contain information about cultural activities. These can be obtained from the Cultural and Media Use Surveys Statistics Norway conducts and from different cultural statistics.

To some degree the SLC gives input to the Statistics on Natural Resources and the Environment.

Legal authority

Voluntary survey.

EEA reference

1177/2003

Production

Population

The population is residents aged 16 years and over not living in institutions.

Data sources and sampling

Data sources are interview data from the annual representative sample surveys and various attached registry information.

The net sample in the Survey of Living Conditions EU-SILC is made up of about 11,500 people.

The sample is drawn according to the procedures for random selection.

Collection of data, editing and estimations

Data collection is mainly done by telephone (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview CATI) and in some cases the interviewer visits the interviewee (Computer Assisted Personal Interview CAPI). Data collection for the Survey of Living Conditions EU-SILC occurs mainly from January to May in the year of interview.

The interview takes place using a computer-based questionnaire. The questionnaire includes various controls to prevent incorrect answers or registration errors during the interview. In some cases, the interviewer receives warnings for the registered response. In other cases, there is a limit on values that can not be exceeded. Moreover, it verifies that only valid codes are recorded.

In surveys where industry and occupation are collected, these are encoded by Statistics Norway.

The sample consists of people. Analysis unit is primarily person, but in some cases household. Using the household as the unit of analysis requires the use of weights.

Seasonal adjustment

Not relevant

Confidentiality

Not relevant

Comparability over time and space

The SLC on victimization is based on the general surveys of living conditions, which had questions regarding victimization for the first time in 1983. The SLC in 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2012 included, in various degrees, questions regarding victimisation and fear of crime. The content of the surveys have been nearly identical from 1997, and which questions that are posed in the various years appears in the tables in the StatBank.   

The SLC on outdoor activities, organization activity, political participation and social network is partly based on earlier surveys. Outdoors and organizational activity was the subject of investigations in 1997, 2001, 2004 and 2007, while the themes political participation and social network are new. Some time series of organizational activity and outdoor recreation can be traced back to the general living conditions surveys in 1980-1995.

The SLC on housing conditions is partly based on earlier surveys on housing conditions. The first was conducted in 1967, followed by similar surveys in 1973, 1981, 1988 and 1995. Some time series can also be traced back to the general living conditions surveys in 1980-1995.

The SLC on work environment is based partly on the earlier surveys on working environment in 1989 and 1993. Some time series can thus be traced back to 1989. In recent years, major revisions were made in 2006 and 2009. In some areas time series are therefore short.

The SLC on health is partly based on health surveys. The first was conducted in 1968, followed by surveys in 1975, 1985 and 1995. Some time series can also be traced back to the general surveys on living conditions in 1980-1995.

The SLC on care and social contacts are based primarily on the general living conditions surveys and multiple time series can be traced back to 1980.

Accuracy and reliability

Sources of error and uncertainty

Non-response errors

The gross sample is drawn in order to reflect the whole population, however, because non-response differs unequally in the different categories used, the net sample will not be fully representative. This bias will vary for different groups and variables in question. In order to adjust for some of the biases that the net sample in relation to the gross sample, figures in the tables are weighted. The following variables are included in the weighting for non-response: Gender, age, education and family size.

Sampling errors

The uncertainty of the findings based only a part of the population is often called sampling variance. Standard deviation is a measure of this uncertainty. The size of standard deviation depends, among other factors, on the number of observation in the sample, and on the distribution of the current variable in the whole population.

Statistic Norway has not made exact calculations to compute standard deviation for the findings. However, in a table in the documentation reports chapter on 'utvalgsusikkerhet' (see link under Relevant documentation),   the approximate size of standard deviation is given for observed percentages.

To illustrate the uncertainty associated with a percentage, we can use an interval to give the level of the true value of an estimated quantity (the value obtained if making observation on the whole population instead of observation based on a part of the population). Such intervals are called confidence intervals if constructed in a special way. In this connection one can use the following method: let M be the estimated quantity, and S the estimate of standard deviation of M. The confidence interval will be an interval with limits (M - 1,96*S) and (M + 1,96*S).

This method will give, with approximately 95 per cent probability, an interval containing the true value.

The following example illustrates the use of the table for finding confidence intervals in the documentation report: The estimate of standard deviation of 70 percent is 3.2 when the estimate is based on 300 observations. The confidence interval for the true value has limits 70 ± 2*3.2, which means the interval, is from 63.6 to 76.4 per cent.

Revision

Not relevant

Relevant documentation