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Statistics about

Business tendency survey for manufacturing, mining and quarrying

The statistics provide current data on the business cycle for manufacturing, mining and quarrying by collecting business leaders’ assessments of the economic situation and the short-term outlook.

Updated: 23 April 2025
Next update: 24 July 2025

Selected figures from this statistics

  • Manufacturing. Selected indicators
    Manufacturing. Selected indicators
    4th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Confidence Indicator. Seasonally adjusted.1 5.34.0
    Changes from previous quarter2
    Total volume of production51.452.9
    Average employment54.455.1
    New orders received from home markets49.748.7
    New orders received from export markets48.648.0
    Expected changes in next quarter. Diffusion indices2
    Total volume of production56.155.4
    Average employment53.854.5
    New orders received from home markets54.154.2
    New orders received from export markets54.152.9
    1Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign). The indicator is presented as seasonally adjusted balance.
    2A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same). The diffusion index has a turning point at 50. An index value above 50 indicates growth in the variable, and opposite for a value below 50. The diffusion index is presented as smoothed seasonally adjusted figures.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Industrial confidence indicator¹

    ¹ Industrial confidence indicator is the arithmetic average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products (the latter with inverted sign).
  • Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying. Tendencies. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying. Tendencies. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted1 2
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Changes from previous quarter
    Total volume of production50.051.551.151.453.1
    Average capacity utilisation49.851.250.250.051.4
    Average employment53.653.953.754.255.0
    New orders received from home markets47.048.749.749.748.7
    New orders received from export markets51.751.850.448.848.3
    Total stock of orders47.949.249.449.850.3
    Prices on products at home markets59.159.459.860.160.5
    Prices on products at export markets57.358.059.159.558.8
    Cost prices66.566.967.668.369.0
    Profitability42.344.845.244.645.2
    Expected changes in next quarter
    Total volume of production53.355.156.056.255.6
    Average capacity utilisation52.554.054.453.953.0
    Average employment52.552.953.053.754.3
    New orders received from home markets51.153.053.954.254.2
    New orders received from export markets53.854.855.054.253.0
    Total stock of orders51.152.954.254.353.2
    Prices on products at home markets58.959.460.561.661.3
    Prices on products at export markets57.557.557.858.158.2
    Cost prices63.164.065.366.767.7
    Profitability48.950.050.149.549.1
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    2The diffusion index has a turning point at 50. A common way of interpreting an index value of 50 is to say that half the respondents has had an increase while the other a fall. An increasing index at or above 50 indicates that the growthrate is increasing, while a falling index above 50 indicates a falling rate of growth. Opposite for an index below 50.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying. Judgements and composite indicators. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying. Judgements and composite indicators. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Diffusion indices1
    Stocks of orders compared to current level of production35.135.935.735.134.9
    Stocks of orders for export44.145.144.844.944.9
    Inventories of own products ment for sale50.350.350.449.949.1
    Does the enterprise consider changes in the plans for gross capital investments49.449.449.550.050.1
    General judgement of the outlook for the enterprise in next quarter53.355.455.754.652.8
    Limiting factors for investments. Per cent
    Acces to credit7.16.46.56.97.0
    Expected development in demand21.321.020.821.121.7
    Prices for Capital goods10.310.410.610.810.8
    Financing costs10.09.59.08.68.6
    Governmental requirement2.82.93.03.23.3
    Acces to government subsidy3.53.33.43.53.5
    Avaible production capacity4.04.24.65.15.3
    Other factors3.74.65.35.75.8
    Composite indicators
    The utilisation of capacity at current level of production in per cent78.378.578.578.879.0
    Number of working months covered by stock of orders, weighted average4.44.44.44.54.6
    Indicator on resource shortage2 26.726.226.327.127.9
    Confidence Indicator3 14264
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    2Indicator on resource shortage is the sum of percentages for those who have pointed out that lack of qualified labour and raw materials/electric power limits production, plus the percentage of establishments with capacity utilisation above 95 per cent. See also table 10.
    3Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign). The indicator is presented as seasonally adjusted balance. See also table 9.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying. Limiting factors for production. Smoothed seasonally adjusted. Per cent.
    Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying. Limiting factors for production. Smoothed seasonally adjusted. Per cent.1
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Limiting factors in current quarter
    Demand and competition (total)6059596061
    Demand from home markets2828272726
    Demand from export markets1514141415
    Competition at the home market1011111111
    Competition in the EU market44556
    Competition when exporting to other countries22333
    Capasity of the unit76666
    Supply of labour1010101010
    The supply of raw materials and/or electric power76667
    Other factors33444
    No special factors1414141312
    Limiting factors expected for next quarter
    Demand and competition (total)6060616161
    Demand from home markets2828272626
    Demand from export markets1515151515
    Competition at the home market1111111111
    Competition in the EU market45556
    Competition when exporting to other countries23333
    Capasity of the unit66666
    Supply of labour1010101010
    The supply of raw materials and/or electric power66567
    Other factors33334
    No special factors1515141313
    1The results are percentages estimated for important limiting factors for production in current quarter or expected limiting factors for next quarter.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Manufacturing. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Manufacturing. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted1
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Changes from previous quarter
    Total volume of production50.051.551.251.452.9
    Average capacity utilisation49.750.950.350.251.4
    Average employment53.654.053.954.455.1
    New orders received from home markets46.948.849.849.748.7
    New orders received from export markets51.751.950.348.648.0
    Total stock of orders47.749.149.349.650.3
    Prices on products at home markets59.059.359.659.960.4
    Prices on products at export markets57.458.259.259.458.6
    Cost prices66.667.067.868.569.1
    Profitability41.944.544.944.245.1
    Judgements of the current situation by end of quarter
    Stocks of orders compared to current level of production34.835.535.435.134.9
    Inventories of own products ment for sale50.550.450.449.949.0
    Does the enterprise consider changes in the plans for gross capital investments49.249.449.750.049.9
    General judgement of the outlook for the enterprise in next quarter53.255.455.654.552.7
    Expected changes in next quarter
    Total volume of production53.255.156.056.155.4
    Average capacity utilisation52.654.154.754.253.1
    Average employment52.452.953.153.854.5
    New orders received from home markets51.153.053.854.154.2
    New orders received from export markets53.955.055.154.152.9
    Total stock of orders51.153.054.554.753.5
    Prices on products at home markets59.059.460.661.761.3
    Prices on products at export markets57.557.557.858.058.1
    Cost prices63.264.165.466.767.8
    Profitability49.050.250.149.448.8
    Composite indicators2
    The utilisation of capacity at current level of production in per cent78.278.578.678.879.0
    Number of working months covered by stock of orders, weighted average4.44.44.44.54.6
    Indicator on resource shortage3 26.626.126.327.027.8
    Demand and competition as limiting factors for production in current quarter, per cent6059606061
    Confidence Indicator4 13254
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    2Composite indicators are not precented as diffusionindices, but in per cent, number of months and balance
    3Indicator on resource shortage is the sum of percentages for those who have pointed out that lack of qualified labour and raw materials/electric power limits production, plus the percentage of establishments with capacity utilisation above 95 per cent. See also table 10.
    4Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign). The indicator is presented as seasonally adjusted balance. See also table 9.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Intermediate goods. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Intermediate goods. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted1
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Changes from previous quarter
    Total volume of production46.748.248.449.049.9
    Average capacity utilisation47.548.948.248.049.3
    Average employment49.350.250.951.151.8
    New orders received from home markets44.345.645.545.746.0
    New orders received from export markets49.950.948.945.643.4
    Total stock of orders45.646.446.146.948.7
    Prices on products at home markets51.254.958.157.856.3
    Prices on products at export markets51.956.160.259.355.4
    Cost prices60.064.067.267.867.2
    Profitability41.243.443.441.941.2
    Judgements of the current situation by end of quarter
    Stocks of orders compared to current level of production31.332.031.130.129.7
    Inventories of own products ment for sale48.949.748.648.750.1
    Does the enterprise consider changes in the plans for gross capital investments47.447.547.748.247.8
    General judgement of the outlook for the enterprise in next quarter50.152.252.250.648.5
    Expected changes in next quarter
    Total volume of production51.153.554.954.853.6
    Average capacity utilisation50.652.452.952.751.5
    Average employment48.749.650.551.251.3
    New orders received from home markets48.251.653.453.353.2
    New orders received from export markets52.954.754.853.651.1
    Total stock of orders48.451.053.154.152.7
    Prices on products at home markets55.657.358.358.958.4
    Prices on products at export markets56.257.456.655.954.9
    Cost prices60.062.064.165.064.5
    Profitability46.647.847.647.246.6
    Composite indicators2
    The utilisation of capacity at current level of production in per cent77.577.577.577.978.1
    Number of working months covered by stock of orders, weighted average3.53.53.63.63.6
    Indicator on resource shortage3 23.922.721.319.619.1
    Demand and competition as limiting factors for production in current quarter, per cent6161616365
    Confidence Indicator4 -21050
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    2Composite indicators are not precented as diffusionindices, but in per cent, number of months and balance
    3Indicator on resource shortage is the sum of percentages for those who have pointed out that lack of qualified labour and raw materials/electric power limits production, plus the percentage of establishments with capacity utilisation above 95 per cent. See also table 10.
    4Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign). The indicator is presented as seasonally adjusted balance. See also table 9.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Capital goods. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Capital goods. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted1
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Changes from previous quarter
    Total volume of production57.356.054.655.357.5
    Average capacity utilisation53.753.853.954.856.3
    Average employment60.660.460.060.561.9
    New orders received from home markets49.449.550.751.351.2
    New orders received from export markets55.454.753.152.352.3
    Total stock of orders48.550.051.252.051.8
    Prices on products at home markets59.958.657.657.156.8
    Prices on products at export markets61.059.458.257.657.4
    Cost prices69.768.166.966.065.8
    Profitability45.147.547.546.447.0
    Judgements of the current situation by end of quarter
    Stocks of orders compared to current level of production39.440.440.439.738.1
    Inventories of own products ment for sale51.851.752.051.149.9
    Does the enterprise consider changes in the plans for gross capital investments50.951.251.551.751.6
    General judgement of the outlook for the enterprise in next quarter57.458.758.658.157.0
    Expected changes in next quarter
    Total volume of production56.458.860.160.860.3
    Average capacity utilisation55.056.457.757.856.8
    Average employment61.462.362.662.763.1
    New orders received from home markets53.954.454.555.857.9
    New orders received from export markets57.256.556.256.356.7
    Total stock of orders53.555.757.257.657.7
    Prices on products at home markets59.859.359.560.160.4
    Prices on products at export markets58.457.256.958.159.8
    Cost prices64.764.665.066.569.0
    Profitability51.953.152.251.952.6
    Composite indicators2
    The utilisation of capacity at current level of production in per cent81.982.182.282.382.5
    Number of working months covered by stock of orders, weighted average7.17.07.07.17.2
    Indicator on resource shortage3 32.932.734.035.937.9
    Demand and competition as limiting factors for production in current quarter, per cent5554545657
    Confidence Indicator4 36597
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    2Composite indicators are not precented as diffusionindices, but in per cent, number of months and balance
    3Indicator on resource shortage is the sum of percentages for those who have pointed out that lack of qualified labour and raw materials/electric power limits production, plus the percentage of establishments with capacity utilisation above 95 per cent. See also table 10.
    4Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign). The indicator is presented as seasonally adjusted balance. See also table 9.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Consumer goods. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Consumer goods. Tendencies, judgements and composite indicators. Diffusion index. Smoothed seasonally adjusted1
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Changes from previous quarter
    Total volume of production47.049.749.950.151.3
    Average capacity utilisation47.447.848.749.550.1
    Average employment49.650.049.951.151.9
    New orders received from home markets47.851.352.452.250.7
    New orders received from export markets46.549.250.150.550.1
    Total stock of orders48.852.551.150.652.4
    Prices on products at home markets67.365.765.867.568.5
    Prices on products at export markets61.560.861.963.764.6
    Cost prices72.271.371.873.674.9
    Profitability41.743.944.545.848.1
    Judgements of the current situation by end of quarter
    Stocks of orders compared to current level of production34.935.034.835.336.4
    Inventories of own products ment for sale50.750.850.149.448.9
    Does the enterprise consider changes in the plans for gross capital investments50.649.949.650.050.7
    General judgement of the outlook for the enterprise in next quarter53.455.255.052.750.0
    Expected changes in next quarter
    Total volume of production52.253.153.653.251.7
    Average capacity utilisation51.753.554.454.252.7
    Average employment47.647.246.747.949.2
    New orders received from home markets51.553.354.454.252.5
    New orders received from export markets49.851.251.951.049.1
    Total stock of orders50.251.652.652.951.7
    Prices on products at home markets62.262.364.766.566.7
    Prices on products at export markets57.458.962.363.562.8
    Cost prices65.166.367.969.570.0
    Profitability48.849.950.349.348.2
    Composite indicators2
    The utilisation of capacity at current level of production in per cent75.175.275.375.675.8
    Number of working months covered by stock of orders, weighted average2.42.42.52.62.7
    Indicator on resource shortage3 22.523.424.225.025.5
    Demand and competition as limiting factors for production in current quarter, per cent6564636161
    Confidence Indicator4 05135
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    2Composite indicators are not precented as diffusionindices, but in per cent, number of months and balance
    3Indicator on resource shortage is the sum of percentages for those who have pointed out that lack of qualified labour and raw materials/electric power limits production, plus the percentage of establishments with capacity utilisation above 95 per cent. See also table 10.
    4Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on production expectations, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign). The indicator is presented as seasonally adjusted balance. See also table 9.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Manufacturing. Industrial Confidence Indicator. Balances
    Manufacturing. Industrial Confidence Indicator. Balances1 2
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Seasonally adjusted
    Confidence Indicator13254
    Unadjusted
    Confidence Indicator26125
    Expected volume of production16139515
    Inventories of own products ment for sale601-31
    Total stock of orders-66-6-21
    1Industrial confidence indicator is the average of the answers (balances) to the questions on expected volume of production, total stock of orders and inventories of own products ment for sale (the latter with inverted sign)
    2The balance (net figure) is defined as the difference between the percentage shares for the extreme response alternatives (Greater - Smaller)
    Explanation of symbols
  • Manufacturing. Indicator on resource shortage. Smoothed seasonally adjusted
    Manufacturing. Indicator on resource shortage. Smoothed seasonally adjusted1
    1st quarter 20242nd quarter 20243rd quarter 20244th quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    A+B+C Indicator of resource shortage2726262728
    A Supply of labour, per cent1010111010
    B Supply of raw mat electric power, per cent76677
    C Units having full capacity, per cent101091011
    1Indicator on resource shortage is the sum of percentages for those who have pointed out that lack of qualified labour and raw materials/electric power limits production, plus the percentage of establishments with capacity utilisation above 95 per cent.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Actual and expected changes in total production, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures
    Actual and expected changes in total production, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures1
    Changes from previous quarterExpected changes in next quarter
    1st quarter 20241st quarter 20251st quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Manufacturing, mining and quarrying45.951.358.157.6
    Manufacturing45.951.158.157.5
    Food, beverages and tobacco42.641.958.752.5
    Food products41.541.459.352.4
    Textiles, wearing apparel, leather35.672.140.958.0
    Wood and wood products31.449.454.265.5
    Paper and paper products71.771.663.461.9
    Printing, reproduction30.718.842.752.1
    Refined petro., chemicals, pharmac.47.952.250.550.9
    Basic chemicals53.060.058.050.8
    Rubber, plastic and mineral prod.31.345.150.550.1
    Basic metals47.451.863.952.9
    Non-ferrous metals46.152.467.158.5
    Fabricated metal products56.554.161.764.1
    Computer and electrical equipment46.661.373.068.7
    Machinery and equipment47.354.054.959.7
    Ships, boats and oil platforms58.962.353.056.7
    Transport equipment n.e.c46.462.561.164.2
    Repair, installation of machinery53.548.362.457.4
    Furniture and manufacturing n.e.c.36.563.359.457.8
    Main industrial groupings:
    Intermediate goods42.250.958.158.4
    Capital goods55.357.360.961.1
    Consumer goods40.445.455.752.8
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Actual and expected changes in employment, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures
    Actual and expected changes in employment, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures1
    Changes from previous quarterExpected changes in next quarter
    1st quarter 20241st quarter 20251st quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Manufacturing, mining and quarrying52.753.554.856.1
    Manufacturing52.653.554.756.2
    Food, beverages and tobacco52.250.050.152.1
    Food products52.550.150.352.1
    Textiles, wearing apparel, leather47.963.945.455.1
    Wood and wood products38.250.243.153.3
    Paper and paper products48.832.941.143.3
    Printing, reproduction36.933.237.839.5
    Refined petro., chemicals, pharmac.42.746.549.839.2
    Basic chemicals32.749.749.144.8
    Rubber, plastic and mineral prod.38.547.849.346.2
    Basic metals48.545.446.050.2
    Non-ferrous metals51.443.847.550.1
    Fabricated metal products56.656.759.266.2
    Computer and electrical equipment66.967.869.868.2
    Machinery and equipment57.451.457.162.3
    Ships, boats and oil platforms64.363.965.563.6
    Transport equipment n.e.c52.948.247.066.5
    Repair, installation of machinery57.859.263.359.7
    Furniture and manufacturing n.e.c.45.749.656.852.8
    Main industrial groupings:
    Intermediate goods46.649.751.553.1
    Capital goods61.860.663.664.5
    Consumer goods49.450.348.850.8
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Actual and expected changes in new orders from home market, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures
    Actual and expected changes in new orders from home market, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures1
    Changes from previous quarterExpected changes in next quarter
    1st quarter 20241st quarter 20251st quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Manufacturing, mining and quarrying44.247.257.558.3
    Manufacturing44.147.257.358.3
    Food, beverages and tobacco45.944.859.153.7
    Food products44.944.958.853.4
    Textiles, wearing apparel, leather31.362.148.456.0
    Wood and wood products34.353.759.165.8
    Paper and paper products34.743.946.261.9
    Printing, reproduction31.818.842.744.4
    Refined petro., chemicals, pharmac.42.552.259.353.8
    Basic chemicals42.753.263.759.8
    Rubber, plastic and mineral prod.33.045.551.756.6
    Basic metals53.652.056.452.2
    Non-ferrous metals54.650.460.351.9
    Fabricated metal products51.348.354.969.8
    Computer and electrical equipment56.550.967.869.1
    Machinery and equipment40.152.453.159.3
    Ships, boats and oil platforms40.438.251.950.0
    Transport equipment n.e.c42.349.159.061.1
    Repair, installation of machinery48.446.462.059.4
    Furniture and manufacturing n.e.c.37.948.358.749.0
    Main industrial groupings:
    Intermediate goods41.847.258.260.6
    Capital goods47.749.257.961.3
    Consumer goods42.744.856.552.6
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    Explanation of symbols
  • Actual and expected changes in new orders from the export market, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures
    Actual and expected changes in new orders from the export market, by division and main industrial groupings. Diffusion index. Unadjusted figures1
    Changes from previous quarterExpected changes in next quarter
    1st quarter 20241st quarter 20251st quarter 20241st quarter 2025
    Manufacturing, mining and quarrying52.048.355.953.9
    Manufacturing52.148.655.853.7
    Food, beverages and tobacco47.942.550.248.2
    Food products46.441.847.747.7
    Textiles, wearing apparel, leather33.162.151.252.0
    Wood and wood products63.357.157.657.6
    Paper and paper products63.772.246.264.0
    Printing, reproduction19.00.025.90.0
    Refined petro., chemicals, pharmac.50.354.754.751.9
    Basic chemicals51.251.754.648.1
    Rubber, plastic and mineral prod.43.139.652.849.5
    Basic metals60.052.962.941.9
    Non-ferrous metals55.358.370.644.9
    Fabricated metal products58.955.551.567.4
    Computer and electrical equipment59.547.969.569.2
    Machinery and equipment49.452.251.949.1
    Ships, boats and oil platforms50.424.849.645.6
    Transport equipment n.e.c48.458.773.266.5
    Repair, installation of machinery51.957.262.558.9
    Furniture and manufacturing n.e.c.45.649.855.140.9
    Main industrial groupings:
    Intermediate goods53.448.257.553.4
    Capital goods55.949.857.157.7
    Consumer goods43.146.550.748.7
    1A diffusion index is compiled using the estimated percentages on "ups" and "same" according to the formula: (ups + 0,5 * same) after adjustments for non-response.
    Explanation of symbols

About the statistics

The information under «About the statistics» was last updated 21 July 2021.

Local unit (establishment) : An enterprise or part of an enterprise that is located in one particular place and can be identified geographically.

Enterprise : The smallest combination of legal units that is an organisational unit producing goods or services and that benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision making.

Branch unit : Unit, which comprises all establishments within an enterprise belonging to the same 3-digit industry group (SIC2007).

Altinn: digital government system for reporting data via the Internet.

NACE : Standard for industrial classification used by EUROSTAT based on the UN's international standard for industrial classification, ISIC Rev. 3.

Unadjusted figures : Raw data figures with primary information from the respondent.

Seasonally-adjusted figures : Time series for which calendar and seasonal effects have been removed. X12-ARIMA is used to calculate these figures.

Trend series : Time series for which calendar and seasonal effects together with the irregular component have been removed. The trend in a time series reflects the long-term tendency that influences the series and has a fairly smooth and monotonic character. The trend series are calculated in connection with the decomposition of the time series for the unadjusted figures in X12-ARIMA.

Response distribution : Employment weighted shares in percentages for valid response alternatives for a single question. For questions like «total level of production» the response alternatives are greater , unchanged and smaller respectively. The response distribution may be expressed in the following way:

(1) G + U + S = 100

where

G = Percentage that has replied: Greater

U = Percentage that has replied: Unchanged

S = Percentage that has replied: Smaller

Net figures : Defined as the difference between the percentage shares for the extreme response alternatives. For questions like «total level of production» the extreme response alternatives are greater and smaller respectively. The Net figure, N, is defined as:

(2) N = G - S

The net figure, as an indicator of the development in the variable, is often assigned turning point characteristics. A net figure greater then zero indicates that the growth rate of the variable is positive. A positive net figure, but reduced from one quarter to the next, indicates that the growth rate is still positive but reduced. The opposite applies for a negative net figure.

Diffusion index : Defined as the estimated positive percentages (greater) plus half of the neutral answers (unchanged). For questions like «total level of production» the diffusion index, D, is compiled as:

(3) D = G + 0.5 x U

The diffusion index has a simple intuitive approach as it compiles the respondents answering greater seen in association with half the share of respondents answering unchanged. The simplicity lies in the fact that the indicator builds on the assumption that half of the respondents answering unchanged in practice have experienced a growth in the variable, while the other half have experienced a decline. The diffusion index has 100 as the maximum value when all active respondents choose the response alternative greater. The minimum value is equal to 0 when all choose smaller. The index normally fluctuates around 50, which is also the turning point value. Below are some interpretations for the diffusion index as described in the literature:

  • If the D value is greater than 50 it indicates that the growth rate of the variable is positive, and the opposite for a value below 50.
  • If the D value rises from a level below to a level above 50, the growth rate of the variable has turned from negative to positive.
  • If the D value is greater than 50 and increasing it indicates that the growth rate is increasing, while a falling index from above 50 indicates a falling rate of growth, but still positive. The opposite is the case for an index below 50.

Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI) : The ICI is calculated on the basis of the net figures from three questions in the Business Tendency Survey:

  • Actual development in total stock of orders compared with the previous quarter (X)
  • Expected development in the level of production in the forthcoming quarter compared with the present quarter (Y)
  • Assessment of stock of own products intended for sale (Z)

The ICI is the arithmetic average of the net figures (Z with inverted sign). Further, the trend is identified by the seasonal adjustment of the ICI. The Norwegian ICI is harmonised with the ICI defined by EUROSTAT, and the composition is described in detail in Economic Paper number 151, see DG ECFIN (2001). The ICI is supposed to be a leading indicator for the production in manufacturing industries whereby increases in production expectations indicate directly increases in the forthcoming level of output, increases in the total stock of orders indicate an increased level of production due to the fulfilment of the received orders, and finally, increases in stocks indicate slow sales and reduced activity.

(5) ICI = (X + Y - Z)/3

The survey is classified according to the Standard Industrial Classification 2007 (SIC2007). This is a Norwegian adaptation of Eurostat’s industry classification, NACE Rev. 2. SIC2007 forms the basis for classifying units according to principal activity in the Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises. The use of common standards is essential in order to enable the comparison and analysis of statistical data at an international level and over time.

The survey is also classified according to EUROSTAT's end-use categories (Main Industrial Groupings, MIG). The end-use categories (MIGs) are based on the 3-digit level industrial groupings in SIC2007. Five end-use categories are included in the survey:

MIG code

Description

E1

Intermediate goods

E2

Capital goods

E3

Consumer durables

E4

Consumer non-durables

E5

Consumer goods (E3+E4)

The following table summarises the most important industries included in the different end-use categories:

MIG

Main industries included

Intermediate goods

Wood and wood products, Paper and paper products, Basic chemicals, Rubber and plastics products, Non-metallic mineral products, Basic metals

Capital goods

Machinery and equipment, Building of ships, boats and oil platforms, Repair and installation of machinery

Consumer durables

Manufacture of furniture

Consumer non-durables

Food products, Printing and reproduction, Basic pharmaceuticals

Consumer goods (E3+E4)

Manufacture of furniture, Food products, Printing and reproduction, Basic pharmaceuticals

For a complete description of industries covered in each MIG, see Commission regulation (EC) No 656/2007 .

The objective of this classification is to provide an activity breakdown of NACE, which is more detailed. The classification of the different units is based on the application of the produced products. It should be noted that the MIGs are not comparable in size, in particular the consumer durables heading is smaller than the others.

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