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The combined cost of research and development work totalled NOK 14.9 billion in 1995, up four per cent from 1993. Measured at constant prices, this is a decline of two per cent.
A total of 22,680 man-years were worked in Research and Development (R&D) activities in Norway in 1995, according to preliminary figures. This is an increase of 470 man-years compared to 1993. R&D in business and industry and at universities and colleges increased, but declined in the institute sector. Measured by man-years worked, business and industry accounted for 36 per cent of research activities, the institute sector for 33 per cent and universities and colleges for 31 per cent.
There has been an overall increase in R&D activities carried out by business and industry, and a slight decline in R&D services purchased externally. The oil industry is a major user of research services. In this industry, services purchased from research institutes declined 33 per cent, from NOK 1,080 billion to NOK 730 billion. There was a similar percentual decrease in R&D activities carried out by the oil companies. The reason is that substantial investments were made in research centres in 1993, and these have now been completed. The current cost of the oil companies' own R&D is at about the same level as in 1993.
R&D carried out by industry increased by 11 per cent to NOK 4.0 billion. There are major differences between the various industrial sectors. In the transport equipment industry, both internal and externally purchased R&D has nearly doubled over the past two years. There has also been a substantial increase in internal R&D in the electronic and machinery manufacturing industries.
In services, there has also been a substantial increase of R&D in transport and communication, while R&D in data processing has declined.