Aggregate account of forestry (discontinued), 2008

Output

Value of goods and services from domestic production activities, i.e. from market production, production for own final use, and non-market production in general government and in NPISHs. Output of goods and services is not the same as sale of goods and services. Output is published in basic prices, i.e. subsidies on products are included, but not VAT or other taxes on products (see basic value). In general government and other non-market production, output is estimated as total of compensation of employees, net taxes on production, consumption of fixed capital and intermediate consumption.

Value added

Values added and gross income generated from domestic production in an industry or sector (or in total for all industries/sectors), derived and defined as output less intermediate consumption. Value added is published in basic prices, i.e. subsidies on products are included, whereas VAT and other taxes on products are not (see basic price). In general government and other non-market activities, value added is compiled as sum of compensation of employees, net taxes on production (taxes on production less subsidies on production) and consumption of fixed capital.

Basic value

Value of products in basic prices. Basic price is amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable to government, and plus any subsidy receivable from government, on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale. Output is recorded in basic prices in accordance with SNA 1993 and ENS 1995. Intermediate consumption is recorded in purchasers' prices. Value added by industry is recorded in basic prices, as a difference between output in basic prices and intermediate consumption in purchasers' prices.

Consumption of fixed capital

Decline in the current value of the stocks of fixed capital as a result of physical deterioration, normal obsolescence and normal accidental damage.

Compensation of employees

Compensation of employees is wages and salaries plus employers' social contributions.

Wages and salaries

Remuneration to employees in respect of work done in domestic production. Wages and salaries are both in cash and in kind. Wages and salaries in cash include pay for overtime, and sickness and maternity allowances paid by employers. Wages and salaries in kind consist of goods and services, or other benefits, provided free or at reduced prices by employers that can be used by employees at their own discretion. Wages and salaries in kind include, inter alia, the services of vehicles, value of the interest forgone by employers when they provide loans to employees at reduced rates of interest, and free transportation for employees in some transport industries. Wages and salaries subsequently are distributed to households and to rest-of-the world (i.e. for non-residents employed with resident producers, inter alia, foreigners on Norwegian ships).

Other taxes on production

Taxes - except taxes on products - that resident producers incur, and that are payable to general government, as a result of engaging in production, and which are not payable per unit of goods and services. Most important among other taxes on production are those allied to oil and gas extraction (royalty excise on extraction of petroleum etc).

Other subsidies on production

Subsidies - except subsidies on products - that resident producers may receive from general government, as a result of engaging in production, and which are not payable per unit of goods and services. Most important among other subsidies on production are those allied to agriculture.

Operating surplus

Operating surplus in an industry is defined as the sum of Value added and Other subsidies on production minus the sum of Compensation of employees, Other taxes on production and Consumption of fixed capital. In the institutional sector accounts, operating surplus in a sector is defined similarly. For households, a major part of this is called mixed income.

Operating surplus

Operating surplus in an industry is defined as:

= Value added &– Compensation of employees &– Other taxes on production + Other subsidies on production &– Consumption of fixed capital.

Current prices

Transactions valued at the actual price agreed upon by the transactors.

Constant prices

Time series of national accounts estimates should be presented in prices of a certain reference year (transactions measured in constant prices). This is made by establishing links from the value of the reference year using the annual percentage change in volume from one year to next in each case. The change from one year to next is thus the same in the chained time series as in the series being based on previous year as base year. Chaining (establishing links) is carried out both at detailed and aggregated levels. That means chaining destroys additivity in the tables, i.e. the components in the table (the detailed estimates) fail to add to aggregates in later periods. Additivity is achieved only when constant-price estimates are in prices of the base year.

SNA

System of National Accounts - International standard for national accounts. SNA 1993, the present and latest version of this standard, is prepared under the joint responsibility of United Nations, OECD, IMF, World Bank and EU/Eurostat

ESA/ENS

European System of National and Regional Accounts.

ESA 1995

This is the international standard that relates to the preparation of national accounts in EU/EEA countries, in effect from 1999. The European System of National Accounts ENS 1995 is the Norwegian term (Norwegian translation of ESA1995, published by Statistics Norway in Official Statistics of Norway C 522). ENS 1995 is based on same definitions as SNA 1993, while presenting the guidelines in an alternative way. Norway is obliged to follow ENS 1995 as part of the cooperation within EEA, and the first estimates according to these guidelines were published in 1995.

The accounting system of the Norwegian national accounts is based on the international standards for national accounts, i.e. 1993 SNA and ESA95. The accounting system outlines the framework and contents for the production of national accounts statistics. In addition to accounting structure, the accounting system contains a number of groupings or classifications used in the national accounts. The activity classification used is based on the Norwegian Standard Industrial Classification (SIC2007) and the Norwegian Classification of CPA kodes.