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1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current account: | |||||
Current account balance | 45 476 | -670 | 17 328 | 5 055 | 94 301 |
Balance of goods and services | 13 401 | -22 509 | -16 396 | 10 182 | 73 353 |
Balance of income and current transfers | 32 075 | 21 839 | 33 724 | -5 127 | 20 948 |
Capital transfers, patents, licenses etc, net | 306 | 776 | 28 | 20 | 1 078 |
Net lending (+)/ Net borrowing (-), current account transactions | 45 170 | -1 446 | 17 300 | 5 035 | 93 223 |
Financial account: | |||||
Opening balance | 8 746 871 | 8 763 025 | 9 244 029 | 9 541 426 | 9 763 854 |
Net lending (+)/ Net borrowing (-), financial account transactions | 63 085 | 13 288 | 37 207 | -70 738 | 97 391 |
Other changes | -46 931 | 467 716 | 260 190 | 293 166 | 156 443 |
Closing balance | 8 763 025 | 9 244 029 | 9 541 426 | 9 763 854 | 10 017 688 |
Net errors and omissions | 17 915 | 14 734 | 19 907 | -75 773 | 4 168 |
See selected tables from this statistics
Table 1
Financial account, transactions. By functional category and financial instrument. NOK million
1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1Transactions in financial derivatives are included in other accounts receivable/payable under other investments in the balance of payments’ financial account. There is considerable uncertainty in the method used to calculate the transaction figures in derivatives, the figures under this item must therefore be used with some caution. | |||||
Foreign assets | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | -4 355 | 301 | 21 058 | -19 872 | 5 202 |
Debt instruments | -15 464 | -21 801 | -8 475 | -8 850 | 22 176 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | -16 482 | 92 950 | 27 108 | 28 563 | -125 848 |
Equity securities | -6 395 | 79 449 | 3 030 | 3 018 | -143 340 |
Investment Fund shares | -10 087 | 13 501 | 24 078 | 25 545 | 17 492 |
Debt securities | 106 600 | -121 123 | -49 414 | 101 669 | -160 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 186 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Currency and deposits | 58 476 | -56 452 | 66 629 | -29 395 | 102 028 |
Loans | -83 515 | 57 910 | -71 948 | 54 713 | 96 061 |
Trade credits and advances | -17 739 | -8 038 | 6 109 | 16 269 | 10 226 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 120 836 | -56 804 | 21 017 | -65 242 | 52 350 |
Reserve assets (IMF breakdown) | |||||
Assets - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | -482 | -25 | 5 | -1 303 | 25 |
Reserve position in the IMF | -60 | 3 072 | -87 | 1 426 | -347 |
Other reserve assets | 67 674 | 8 858 | -22 111 | -17 918 | 25 555 |
Liabilities | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | -2 156 | -21 868 | 810 | 1 017 | 4 261 |
Reinvestment of earnings | 5 462 | 5 462 | 5 462 | 5 462 | 17 912 |
Debt instruments | -15 575 | -7 063 | 10 615 | -13 842 | -2 044 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 578 | -7 360 | 4 117 | 17 914 | 38 666 |
Equity securities | 1 667 | -15 011 | 3 232 | 6 114 | 27 725 |
Investment Fund shares | -1 089 | 7 651 | 885 | 11 800 | 10 941 |
Debt securities | -8 977 | 16 899 | 120 059 | -20 762 | 13 238 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Currency and deposits | 72 567 | -2 808 | -123 131 | 38 795 | 60 110 |
Loans | -21 738 | -27 207 | -70 167 | 165 617 | -109 885 |
Trade credits and advances | -10 064 | 289 | 3 336 | 6 202 | -4 961 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 142 602 | -65 629 | 8 836 | -62 901 | 91 156 |
Liabilities - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NET LENDING, FINANCIAL ACCOUNT | 63 085 | 13 288 | 37 207 | -70 738 | 97 391 |
Table 2
International Investment Position. By functional category and financial instrument. NOK million
1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign assets | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | 1 572 382 | 1 550 036 | 1 542 797 | 1 509 761 | 1 518 658 |
Debt instruments | 745 693 | 706 226 | 696 660 | 658 696 | 676 326 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 7 633 419 | 8 409 647 | 8 791 959 | 9 332 205 | 9 547 075 |
Equity securities | 7 293 116 | 8 033 934 | 8 377 831 | 8 876 438 | 9 063 834 |
Investment Fund shares | 340 303 | 375 713 | 414 128 | 455 767 | 483 241 |
Debt securities | 4 495 324 | 4 235 579 | 4 169 685 | 4 081 487 | 3 901 751 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 2 322 | 2 322 | 2 322 | 2 322 | 2 322 |
Currency and deposits | 947 382 | 842 948 | 917 162 | 833 994 | 909 051 |
Loans | 668 508 | 691 018 | 614 654 | 639 468 | 725 671 |
Trade credits and advances | 77 942 | 66 745 | 72 505 | 83 702 | 93 332 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 559 546 | 418 961 | 428 942 | 327 342 | 353 860 |
Reserve assets (IMF breakdown) | |||||
Assets - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 23 353 | 21 591 | 21 461 | 18 858 | 18 480 |
Reserve position in the IMF | 10 399 | 12 541 | 12 368 | 12 920 | 12 303 |
Other reserve assets | 713 047 | 684 969 | 661 960 | 610 406 | 622 375 |
Liabilities | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | 1 147 377 | 1 139 169 | 1 142 600 | 1 160 627 | 1 171 981 |
Debt instruments | 764 320 | 737 086 | 745 026 | 702 252 | 696 329 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 819 510 | 893 264 | 960 722 | 1 054 845 | 1 146 488 |
Equity securities | 693 485 | 748 022 | 804 474 | 901 958 | 977 303 |
Investment Fund shares | 126 025 | 145 242 | 156 248 | 152 887 | 169 185 |
Debt securities | 2 854 523 | 2 748 207 | 2 874 133 | 2 694 507 | 2 652 466 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Currency and deposits | 1 735 987 | 1 675 253 | 1 542 777 | 1 518 993 | 1 559 441 |
Loans | 782 646 | 731 818 | 657 648 | 794 003 | 680 642 |
Trade credits and advances | 42 457 | 41 336 | 44 662 | 48 780 | 43 378 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 500 230 | 394 564 | 387 575 | 339 924 | 380 479 |
Liabilities - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 22 457 | 20 771 | 20 620 | 19 341 | 18 927 |
NET ASSETS | 8 763 025 | 9 244 029 | 9 541 426 | 9 763 854 | 10 017 688 |
Table 3
Current and capital account. NOK million
Current and capital account | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | |
Exports, total | 310 637 | 238 437 | 258 429 | 302 494 | 335 884 |
¬ Goods (FOB) | 217 263 | 158 418 | 177 906 | 217 253 | 257 246 |
¬¬ Crude oil and natural gas | 105 157 | 60 290 | 79 522 | 107 994 | 143 124 |
¬¬ Ships | 3 646 | 1 763 | 2 059 | 1 096 | 1 203 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various goods | 66 | 72 | 76 | 96 | 82 |
¬¬ Other goods | 108 394 | 96 293 | 96 249 | 108 067 | 112 837 |
¬ Services | 93 374 | 80 019 | 80 523 | 85 241 | 78 638 |
¬¬ Gross receipts, shipping | 26 240 | 24 232 | 23 408 | 23 662 | 23 558 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various services | 5 258 | 5 602 | 5 301 | 5 294 | 4 107 |
¬¬ Pipeline transport | 3 343 | 3 249 | 3 282 | 3 282 | 3 332 |
¬¬ Travel | 7 857 | 1 567 | 4 950 | 2 393 | 2 041 |
¬¬ Transport and communication | 10 455 | 7 677 | 8 017 | 8 700 | 7 264 |
¬¬¬ Land transport, export | 1 381 | 1 322 | 1 357 | 1 478 | 1 309 |
¬¬¬ Supply, export | 2 858 | 2 561 | 2 685 | 3 222 | 2 560 |
¬¬¬ Air transport, export | 3 504 | 1 357 | 1 621 | 1 559 | 1 392 |
¬¬¬ Services related to transport, export | 2 143 | 1 883 | 1 797 | 1 794 | 1 386 |
¬¬¬ Postal and courier services, export | 569 | 554 | 557 | 647 | 617 |
¬¬ Financial and business services | 26 245 | 23 578 | 22 607 | 26 125 | 24 445 |
¬¬¬ Financial and insurance services, export | 12 200 | 11 097 | 10 244 | 10 480 | 12 411 |
¬¬¬ Audit services, juridical- and technical services, export | 5 975 | 5 532 | 4 962 | 6 579 | 5 008 |
¬¬¬ Research and development, export | 1 187 | 797 | 878 | 1 162 | 889 |
¬¬¬ Other business services, export | 6 883 | 6 152 | 6 523 | 7 904 | 6 137 |
¬¬ Other services | 13 977 | 14 115 | 12 958 | 15 785 | 13 891 |
¬¬¬ Construction, repairs and installation, export | 3 146 | 3 479 | 2 930 | 3 318 | 3 281 |
¬¬¬ Recycle and trash handling, export | 1 646 | 1 391 | 1 603 | 1 771 | 1 950 |
¬¬¬ Retail trade, hotel and restaurant , export | 722 | 907 | 844 | 1 674 | 692 |
¬¬¬ Publishing, film, music and broadcasting services, export | 508 | 429 | 400 | 488 | 366 |
¬¬¬ Telecommunication services, export | 1 789 | 1 748 | 1 952 | 1 728 | 1 736 |
¬¬¬ Information services, export | 5 123 | 4 355 | 4 213 | 5 706 | 4 552 |
¬¬¬ Other personal and government services, export | 1 043 | 1 806 | 1 016 | 1 100 | 1 314 |
MEMO: Services export when import of goods FOB | 92 086 | 78 883 | 79 217 | 83 831 | 77 092 |
Imports, total | 297 236 | 260 947 | 274 826 | 292 312 | 262 531 |
¬ Goods (CIF) | 197 992 | 189 245 | 200 342 | 212 775 | 196 476 |
¬¬ Ships | 6 815 | 3 789 | 3 913 | 4 374 | 3 361 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various goods | 2 978 | 2 895 | 2 772 | 1 822 | 1 980 |
¬¬ Other goods | 188 199 | 182 561 | 193 657 | 206 579 | 191 135 |
MEMO: Import of goods FOB | 191 205 | 182 185 | 193 686 | 205 731 | 189 088 |
¬ Services | 99 245 | 71 702 | 74 484 | 79 537 | 66 055 |
¬¬ Operating costs shipping, excl. bunkers | 10 700 | 10 600 | 11 000 | 12 742 | 10 517 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various services | 6 520 | 7 115 | 6 482 | 7 369 | 5 202 |
¬¬ Travel | 24 950 | 974 | 6 010 | 2 480 | 1 561 |
¬¬ Transport and communication | 6 362 | 3 826 | 3 758 | 4 155 | 4 038 |
¬¬¬ Land transport, import | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 19 |
¬¬¬ Ocean transport, import | 200 | 286 | 286 | 286 | 286 |
¬¬¬ Air transport, import | 2 056 | 150 | 402 | 297 | 199 |
¬¬¬ Services related to transport, import | 3 911 | 3 226 | 2 886 | 3 322 | 3 350 |
¬¬¬ Postal and courier services, import | 176 | 145 | 165 | 232 | 184 |
¬¬ Financial and business services | 24 296 | 22 780 | 21 086 | 24 294 | 20 863 |
¬¬¬ Financial and insurance services, import | 5 473 | 4 972 | 4 612 | 5 010 | 5 547 |
¬¬¬ Audit services, juridical- and technical services, import | 4 416 | 4 181 | 3 755 | 4 437 | 3 461 |
¬¬¬ Research and development, import | 731 | 896 | 809 | 1 052 | 955 |
¬¬¬ Other business services, import | 13 676 | 12 731 | 11 910 | 13 795 | 10 900 |
¬¬ Other services | 26 416 | 26 406 | 26 147 | 28 498 | 23 874 |
¬¬¬ Construction, repairs and installation, import | 4 530 | 4 763 | 5 239 | 5 547 | 4 692 |
¬¬¬ Recycle and trash handling, import | 1 130 | 1 061 | 1 117 | 1 133 | 1 169 |
¬¬¬ Retail trade, hotel and restaurant, import | 507 | 460 | 486 | 546 | 467 |
¬¬¬ Publishing, film, music and broadcasting services, import | 3 468 | 3 576 | 3 913 | 5 055 | 3 723 |
¬¬¬ Telecommunication services, import | 1 595 | 1 361 | 1 349 | 1 218 | 1 285 |
¬¬¬ Information services, import | 11 424 | 12 843 | 10 965 | 12 571 | 9 671 |
¬¬¬ Other personal and government services, import | 3 762 | 2 342 | 3 078 | 2 428 | 2 867 |
MEMO: Service import when import of goods FOB | 104 744 | 77 626 | 79 834 | 85 171 | 71 897 |
Balance of goods and services | 13 401 | -22 509 | -16 396 | 10 182 | 73 353 |
¬ Balance of goods | 19 271 | -30 827 | -22 436 | 4 478 | 60 770 |
¬ Balance of services | -5 870 | 8 318 | 6 040 | 5 704 | 12 583 |
From abroad | 119 636 | 105 736 | 94 881 | 93 213 | 101 050 |
¬ Compensation of employees | 1 409 | 1 346 | 1 374 | 1 395 | 1 454 |
¬ Interest received | 44 346 | 33 827 | 30 865 | 28 416 | 25 853 |
¬¬Direct investment, interst receivable | 4 165 | 3 395 | 3 179 | 3 496 | 2 839 |
¬¬Other investment, interest receivable | 40 181 | 30 432 | 27 686 | 24 920 | 23 014 |
¬ Dividends etc. | 56 652 | 57 912 | 51 370 | 49 665 | 58 210 |
¬¬Direct investment, dividends etc receivable | 8 362 | 8 610 | 7 791 | 18 502 | 12 195 |
¬¬Portfolio ivestment, dividends etc. receivable | 48 290 | 49 302 | 43 579 | 31 163 | 46 015 |
¬ Reinvested earnings | 795 | 795 | 795 | 795 | -1 995 |
¬ Current transfers | 16 434 | 11 856 | 10 477 | 12 942 | 17 528 |
To abroad | 87 561 | 83 897 | 61 157 | 98 340 | 80 102 |
¬ Compensation of employees | 8 933 | 8 819 | 9 011 | 9 598 | 7 471 |
¬ Interest paid | 29 449 | 24 612 | 16 118 | 15 853 | 17 664 |
¬¬Direct investment, interest payable | 5 054 | 3 507 | 3 540 | 3 678 | 2 964 |
¬¬Other investment, interest payable | 24 395 | 21 105 | 12 578 | 12 175 | 14 700 |
¬ Dividends etc. | 17 983 | 15 292 | 4 207 | 24 921 | 9 311 |
¬¬Direct investment, dividends etc. payable | 13 982 | 10 283 | 3 250 | 20 854 | 1 887 |
¬¬Portfolio investment, dividends etc. payable | 4 001 | 5 009 | 957 | 4 067 | 7 424 |
¬ Reinvested earnings | 6 149 | 6 421 | 6 003 | 6 079 | 18 465 |
¬ Current transfers from general government | 7 836 | 11 675 | 8 342 | 22 656 | 10 098 |
¬ Other current transfers | 17 211 | 17 078 | 17 476 | 19 233 | 17 093 |
Balance of income and current transfers | 32 075 | 21 839 | 33 724 | -5 127 | 20 948 |
¬ Compensation of employees and investment income (Primary income), net | 40 688 | 38 736 | 49 065 | 23 820 | 30 611 |
¬ Current transfers (Secondary income), net | -8 613 | -16 897 | -15 341 | -28 947 | -9 663 |
Current account balance | 45 476 | -670 | 17 328 | 5 055 | 94 301 |
Capital transfers to abroad, net | 298 | 758 | 10 | 1 | 1 083 |
Acquisitions of patents, licenses etc. net | 8 | 18 | 18 | 19 | -5 |
Net lending | 45 170 | -1 446 | 17 300 | 5 035 | 93 223 |
Table 4
Current and capital account. Country breakdown. Current prices. NOK million
Balance of goods | Balance of services | Current account balance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | |
The world | 275 167 | 137 714 | -71 392 | -80 327 | 282 642 | 101 609 |
EU | 393 372 | 267 172 | -86 906 | -90 586 | 262 348 | 127 548 |
Other European countries | -15 661 | -16 028 | -2 523 | -2 567 | -11 846 | -6 533 |
Africa | 10 926 | 2 492 | 3 359 | 3 337 | 41 655 | 18 871 |
North-America | -19 462 | -30 748 | 10 035 | 9 534 | 76 472 | 45 457 |
Central- and South America | -9 324 | -11 908 | -39 | 2 171 | 4 791 | -13 887 |
Asia, Oceania & Polar regions | -69 766 | -60 068 | 5 166 | -185 | -16 956 | -6 092 |
Table 5
International Investment Position. By functional category and selected countires. NOK million
Total | Direct investment | Portofolio investment | Other investments | Reserve assets | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | |
Foreign assets | ||||||||||
All countries | 18 127 900 | 18 400 148 | 2 168 457 | 2 194 984 | 13 413 692 | 13 448 826 | 1 903 567 | 2 103 180 | 642 184 | 653 158 |
United States | 5 561 012 | 5 686 512 | 291 988 | 281 276 | 4 844 092 | 4 948 255 | 107 661 | 123 946 | 317 271 | 333 035 |
United Kingdom | 1 347 398 | 1 371 375 | 168 064 | 164 903 | 805 781 | 805 792 | 326 731 | 352 044 | 46 822 | 48 636 |
Japan | 1 093 510 | 988 074 | 12 936 | 12 574 | 1 028 125 | 922 010 | 6 077 | 5 447 | 46 372 | 48 043 |
Germany | 1 153 116 | 1 197 606 | 60 436 | 46 958 | 736 362 | 705 515 | 281 174 | 372 877 | 75 144 | 72 256 |
Sweden | 1 096 049 | 1 071 368 | 251 643 | 229 021 | 536 765 | 538 547 | 306 322 | 302 420 | 1 319 | 1 380 |
Switzerland | 464 783 | 451 378 | 13 810 | 14 515 | 419 688 | 406 205 | 27 260 | 26 448 | 4 025 | 4 210 |
China | 180 419 | 168 328 | 9 355 | 8 373 | 159 386 | 152 696 | 9 385 | 4 626 | 2 293 | 2 633 |
Liabilities | ||||||||||
All countries | 8 364 046 | 8 382 460 | 1 862 879 | 1 868 310 | 3 749 352 | 3 798 954 | 2 751 815 | 2 715 196 | 0 | 0 |
Luxembourg | 1 051 324 | 994 900 | 45 004 | 39 178 | 965 340 | 915 927 | 40 980 | 39 795 | 0 | 0 |
United Kingdom | 917 252 | 829 483 | 76 992 | 72 422 | 504 455 | 464 201 | 335 805 | 292 860 | 0 | 0 |
United States | 879 324 | 968 885 | 90 471 | 93 988 | 565 311 | 574 034 | 223 542 | 300 863 | 0 | 0 |
Sweden | 869 444 | 858 029 | 107 473 | 104 410 | 185 798 | 179 515 | 576 173 | 574 104 | 0 | 0 |
China | 21 677 | 16 790 | 10 359 | 9 468 | 2 454 | 1 448 | 8 864 | 5 874 | 0 | 0 |
Table 6
External debt. NOK million
2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 1st quarter 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1The external debt position shows the gross debt for the main institutional sectors. Shares and other equity are not included in the statistics. | ||||
General government | 760 369 | 749 346 | 836 978 | 817 636 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 15 057 | 14 345 | 11 268 | 11 182 |
Loans | 88 929 | 85 052 | 231 279 | 182 870 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 73 832 | 83 524 | 30 913 | 113 357 |
Long-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 384 419 | 381 596 | 376 924 | 370 286 |
Loans | 198 132 | 184 829 | 186 594 | 139 941 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Central bank | 136 331 | 44 563 | 35 951 | 24 269 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 44 387 | 24 | 24 | 19 |
Debt securities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Loans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 34 161 | 23 873 | 16 563 | 5 304 |
Long-term | ||||
Liabilities - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 20 771 | 20 620 | 19 341 | 18 927 |
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Loans | 37 012 | 46 | 23 | 19 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Deposit-taking corporations except the central bank | 3 587 414 | 3 619 431 | 3 485 441 | 3 470 026 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 1 487 247 | 1 388 336 | 1 370 989 | 1 428 500 |
Debt securities | 68 113 | 158 810 | 139 618 | 187 489 |
Loans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 248 954 | 237 098 | 251 806 | 211 473 |
Long-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 143 619 | 154 417 | 147 980 | 130 922 |
Debt securities | 1 639 481 | 1 680 770 | 1 575 048 | 1 511 642 |
Loans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other sectors | 1 163 265 | 1 148 827 | 1 087 951 | 1 055 731 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 4 844 | 8 370 | 8 792 | 11 445 |
Loans | 26 643 | 25 875 | 27 479 | 31 276 |
Trade credits and advances | 41 336 | 44 662 | 48 779 | 43 378 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 72 565 | 77 426 | 71 125 | 82 093 |
Long-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 636 293 | 630 242 | 582 857 | 560 422 |
Loans | 381 102 | 361 846 | 348 628 | 326 536 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 482 | 406 | 291 | 581 |
Direct investment | 737 086 | 745 026 | 702 252 | 696 329 |
SUM TOTAL | 6 384 465 | 6 307 193 | 6 148 573 | 6 063 991 |
See all figures from this statistics
09401: Current and capital account. Annual figures. Current prices (NOK million)
09672: Current and capital account.Quarterly figures. Current prices (NOK million)
10740: Financial account. Quarterly figures. Current prices (NOK million)
10173: Items from the current account, by selected countries and regions (NOK million)
10174: Agregated Items from the current account, by selected countries (NOK million)
About the statistics
The international accounts give an overview of the economic relationships between Norwegian residents and nonresidents. They comprise the international investment position (IIP), including other changes in financial assets and liabilities, and the balance of payments (BOP).
As of 2020, the BOP and IIP Statistics are presented together under the heading International accounts. The international account consists of the current account, the capital account and the financial account. The current account shows exports and imports and other international transfers. The capital account shows capital transfers and transactions in intangible assets. The financial account shows net foreign financial assets and liabilities.
Definitions
-
The BOP is a statistical statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a defined period of time, such as a quarter or a year. The IIP is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on nonresidents, and the liabilities of residents of an economy to nonresidents. The difference between the assets and liabilities is the net position in the IIP and represents either a net claim on or a net liability to the rest of the world.
The Norwegian BOP and IIP is presented in accordance with the latest internationally approved guidelines. These are specified in "The Balance of Payments Manual, 6th edition" (BPM6), published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The underlying principles and definitions presented in the BPM6 are in full accordance with the international statistical framework for the National Accounts, as laid down in the manual "System of National Accounts 2008" (2008 SNA). 2008 SNA is a joint publication by several international organizations, including the United Nations and the IMF.
The European Union (EU) has compiled its own edition of the National Accounts manual, "European System of Accounts 2010" (ESA 2010), which accommodates special conditions in member countries. According to the European Economic Area Agreement (EEA Agreement), Norway is obligated to comply with ESA 2010. The reporting of National Accounts data, as well as BOP and IIP data, to EU's statistical office Eurostat, has a legal basis in regulation (EC) No 184/2005.
Basic concepts and recording principles
Like the National Accounts, the BOP and IIP accounts are constructed around three basic concepts: statistical units, economic values and transactions. Briefly, the accounting systems describe transactions and positions between statistical units in which economic values are provided or received in exchange for other economic values.
- Statistical units are institutional units which make economic decisions on an independent basis and can present complete accounts for their activities. The institutional unit normally coincides with a body corporate, e.g. a limited liability company or legal person.
- Economic items can either be real resources, i.e. goods and services, or financial items representing various claims and liabilities.
- The basic criterion for entering a transaction in the BOP or a position in the IIP, is that it involves an exchange between a domestic entity (resident) and a foreign entity (non-resident). Residents are institutional units that engage and intend to continue to engage in economic activities and transactions within a country's territory, with one year or more serving as the conventional guideline.
Positions
Positions are shown as the value of a financial item which, for example, an enterprise is in possession of at a point in time. Financial objects can be, for example, shares, other securities or different types of loans. In principle, stocks must be registered at market value. See description of valuation below.
Transactions
A transaction should in principle be allocated to the period in which there is a change of ownership of the economic value. Conventionally, it is often said that a change of ownership has taken place when both parties of the transaction enters the transaction in their books or accounts. In the case of exports and imports of goods, it is the moment that the goods cross the border and are registered through customs declarations, that determines the time of recording of the transaction and consequently the change of ownership.
All transactions shall be valued at market prices. Market prices are defined as amounts of money that buyers pay to acquire something from sellers; the exchanges are made between independent parties and based on commercial considerations only. Total exports and total imports shall be recorded at free-on-board (f.o.b.) prices. F.o.b prices are the value when passing the border of the country of exports. On a detailed commodity level, cost-insurance-freight (c.i.f.) prices are used for imports, i.e. including transport and insurance costs up to the border of the importing country. The exchange rate on the transaction date or the average rate for the shortest period applicable shall be used for converting transactions in foreign currencies into the national currency. Stocks of assets and liabilities are to be valued at prices or rates in effect at the time to which the balance sheet relates.
Other changes
Income and expenditure are defined in the National Accounts and BoP excluding gains and losses, irrespective of whether they are realised or unrealised. Such items, however, help to explain total balance sheet changes that take place during a period and are registered on the account for revaluation.
Income and expenditure
Income and expenditure are defined in the National Accounts and BoP excluding gains and losses, irrespective of whether they are realised or unrealised. Such items, however, help to explain total balance sheet changes that take place in the course of a period and are registered on the account for revaluation.
Assets and liabilities
Assets and liabilities are the components of the balance sheets of the total economy and institutional sectors. In contrast to the accounts that show economic flows, a balance sheet shows the positions of assets and liabilities held at one point in time by each unit or sector or the economy as a whole.
An asset is a store of value representing a benefit or series of benefits accruing to the economic owner by holding or using the entity over a period of time. It is a means of carrying forward value from one accounting period to another.
A liability is established when one unit (the debtor) is obliged, under specific circumstances, to provide a payment or series of payments to another unit (the creditor).
Double entry bookkeeping
International Accounts are based on the rules for double entry bookkeeping. All transactions are represented by two entries, a credit and debit entry. Most transactions are those in which economic items are provided or received in exchange for other economic items, entailing that offsetting credit and debit entries will normally be registered.
For example, exports of a good will be registered in External Trade Statistics and recorded as a credit entry in the current account, whereas the accompanying increase in foreign assets, e.g. in the form of increased deposits abroad, is registered in financial account and recorded as a transaction on the debit side of the BOP accounts. In other cases when items are given away rather than exchanged, or a recording is one-sided for other reasons, there is only one recording in the data sources. In these cases, a counter entry is constructed, in this example in the form of a transfer so that the double entry requirement is satisfied.
Structure
The International Accounts is an integrated part of the National Accounts and is constructed as a mirror image of the institutional sector "Rest of the World" in the National Accounts. In the BOP and IIP, transactions and positions are seen from Norway's point of view, while in the institutional sector accounts they will be seen from the perspective of the rest of the world. A surplus on Norway's current account will in the National Accounts appear as a deficit for the sector "Rest of the World".
The BOP consists of three main parts: a current account, which shows current transactions with the rest of the world, a capital showing capital transactions, and a financial account, which records investment transactions in the form of purchases and sales of financial instruments.
The table below illustrates the statement of transactions and positions in the BoP and IIPs (eller IAs) current, capital and financial accounts:
1) Current account balance
Balance of goods and services
Balance of income and current transfers2) Capital transfers to abroad, net
3) Net lending, current- and capital account
4) Financial account, assets/liabilities
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Other investment
Reserve assets5) Net lending, financial account
6) Errors and omissions
The financial statements are presented as shown in the following table, broken down by functions (direct investment, portfolio investment, other financial investment and international reserves):
7) The financial position of at the beginning of the reference period
8) Investments during period (asset)
9) Borrowing
10) Gains, losses and other changes (netto)
11) The financial position of at the end of the reference period
Following definitions applies
The relationship between current- and capital account and the transactions in the financial account:
1+ 2 =3
4 assets – 4 liabilities = 5
3 – 5 = 6
Consistent International Accounts requires:
(3) = (5)
The relationship between positions and change in positions in the financial account:
7 + 8 – 9 + 10 = 11
Description of the accounts
The definitional relationship between the current account and the financial account is that a current account surplus, adjusted for net capital transfers and net acquisitions of patents and copyrights etc, increases net foreign assets (or reduces net liabilities), while a deficit on the current account will reduce net assets (or increase net liabilities).
The current account comprises, first, exports and imports of goods and services, with the balance of goods and services as a balancing item. In addition, data are provided for compensation of employees, investment income and expenditure as well as current transfers to and from the rest of the world. The balance for this component is net income and current transfers. The total balance of the current account is the sum of the balances of these two components.
The capital and financial account shows how transactions recorded in the current account result in changes in foreign assets and liabilities, and in addition to purchases and sales of financial instruments includes capital transfers. This entails that the balance on the current account must be adjusted for net capital transfers in order to arrive at net lending.
The financial account also includes transactions that do not have a counter entry in the current account. One example would be a resident who uses funds in a foreign bank account to repay a loan raised abroad.
Net lending
Total asset transactions less total liability transactions result in net lending. By adjusting net lending for valuation changes and other balance sheet changes not caused by transactions2, we arrive at changes in Norway's net foreign assets/liabilities.
Net lending, current account =
Current account balance + Capital transfers to abroad, net - non-financial net investment (?)Net lending, financial account = Net acquiring of financial assets – net borrowing
Net errors and omissions are derived from net lending from the two accounts and can be derived from the current account minus the same item derived from the financial accounts. Although the BoP accounts are, in principle, balanced, imbalances occur due to imperfections in source data and compilation.
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In addition to the classifications and categories described in the international BOP, IIP and National Accounts manuals, it may be mentioned that the Norwegian BOP, IIP and National Accounts make use of the product classification CPA (Classification of Products by Activity) of the EU and sector of the BPM6, 2008 SNA and ESA 2010. For more details, please check https://www.ssb.no/en/klass/klassifikasjoner/39.
Country Codes are based on the International Standard ISO 3166.
Functional categories
Direct investment
Direct investment is a cross-border financial investment made by an investor for the purpose of acquiring a lasting interest in a foreign enterprise, and exerting a degree of influence on that enterprise's operations. An investment by owning 20 per cent or more of the ordinary shares is considered always a direct investment. The establishment of a subsidiary abroad is an example of a direct investment.
Portfolio investment
Portfolio investment covers transactions in equities, other securities, and financial derivatives, except where these transactions relate to direct investment or reserve assets category. The Government Pension Fund – Global is not part of the reserve assets, though it is owned by the government and administrated by Norges Bank. This is therefore treated as portfolio investment as concerns investment abroad. Most important are shares and other equities, bonds and money market instruments (certificates and Treasury bills).
Other investments
Other financial investments is a residual category that covers all investments that are not included in direct investment, portfolio investments and international reserves.
Reserve assets
Reserve assets consist of those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for direct financing of payment imbalances, for indirectly regulating the magnitude of such imbalances through intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate and /or other purposes. In Norway, Norges Bank have reserve assets. International reserves basically consist of assets only, i.e. any foreign central banks' holdings of assets in Norway (for instance Norwegian securities) are not considered "reserve liabilities", but as portfolio investment in Norway.
The classification of financial assets and liabilities
The financial accounts include a limited number of financial instrument groups with detailed claims and debt items in the balance sheets of institutional units. The financial instrument links one entity claims to another sector’s debt items. The financial instruments are grouped in claim and debt items with similar economic functions. For example, the payment function is characteristic of coins, notes and salary accounts, while credit is procured through different types of loans. In addition, the liquidity ratio has been the determinant factor for the ranking of financial assets in the classification.
Classification of financial assets and liabilities in the financial accounts is based on the recommendations of the SNA 2008 and ESA 2010. The classifications are described below:
Equity and other shares
The instrument includes ordinary shares in limited liability companies, shares in general partnerships and shares in mutual funds. Shares in foreign companies are also included. Furthermore, the instrument includes tradable Norwegian equity certificates and general government capital contributions in public enterprises and the state lending institutions.
Dept securities
Comprise short and long-term securities. Short-term securities is defined as negotiable securities with original maturity of maximum one year, while long-term securities comprise instruments defined as tradable standardised debentures with original maturity of more than one year.
Currency and deposits
Comprise Norwegian and foreign notes and coins, all types of deposits with commercial banks and savings banks, Norges Bank and foreign banks.
Loans
This financial instrument includes lending forms other than tradable debentures and certificates. Short-term loans are mainly quantified on the basis of the specifications in accounting statistics for financial corporations. The instrument comprises building loans, factoring, bank overdrafts, operating and working credit. Long-term loans comprise all loans other than short-term loans (mortgage bond issues, other medium and long-term repayment loans and financial leasing).
Trade credits
Financial claims arising from the direct extension of credit by suppliers and buyers for goods and services.
Insurance technical reserves
The instrument includes individual insurance savings and group insurance savings in private life insurance companies and total capital in autonomous municipal and private pension funds. Prepayments of premiums and reserves against outstanding claims in non-life insurance companies are also included.
Other claims
Comprise claims and debt that is due to differences in timing between transactions and payments. For example credit extended to a customer/supplier credit, deferred tax claims/liabilities. Included are also other financial items that do not belong to the previously listed instruments. Derivatives recorded in the accounting statistics are included.
Reserve assets/liabilities IMF
The foreign exchange reserves and claims on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) together constitute Norges Bank's international reserves. Claims on the IMF consist of three components: SDR accounts (Special Drawing Rights), reserve positions in the IMF and loans to the IMF (Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility).
Valution
Market value
Market prices are defined as amounts of money that willing buyers pay to acquire something from willing sellers; the exchanges are made between independent parties and on the basis of commercial considerations only. The exchange rate on the position date or the average rate for the shortest period applicable shall be used for converting positions in foreign currencies into the national currency. Stocks of assets and liabilities are to be valued at prices or rates in effect at the time to which the balance sheet relates.
Administrative information
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Name: International accounts
Topic: External economy
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Division for National Accounts
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National level.
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Quarterly statistics. The first version for quarter k t is published after k+60 days, followed by revisions in the following quarterly publications. The final version is published in August/September year t+2.
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Reporting to Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organization for Economic Co-orporation and Development (OECD) and Bank for International Settlement (BIS).
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Microdata are based on different sources.
Background
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The purpose of the BOP and IIP Statistics is to provide reliable information on residents of Norway’s economic relationships with non-residents. The statistics are an integrated part of the National Accounts using the same principles and definitions.
The statistics is set to meet the international requirements given in the BPM. The international guidelines in BPM are revised during the last several years, with the latest update published in 2009 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The sixth edition of the manual, BPM6, is the current version and is implemented in the Norwegian BOP and IIP Statistics in December 2014. Back data based on the guidelines from BPM6 is implemented in both the current- and capital account and the financial account.
The current- and capital account has time series going back to 1981, while the financial account has time series going back to 2005 (BOP) and 2012 (IIP). The current- and capital account has time series going back to 1981.
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The main users are international organizations, IMF, Eurostat, OECD and BIS. The Balance of Payments and the International investment position are used by market analytics within finance and the business sector in general, and by governmental agencies for economic policy purposes. Used in the National Accounts, the BOP and the IIP give an exact mirror image of the sector Rest of The World in the national Accounts.
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No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08.00 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.
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The IIP and the BOP have the same principles and detailing levels. IIP shows the positions of assets and liabilities abroad each quarter. The positions together with the transactions, revaluations and other volume changes give a consistent picture of the financial part of the external sector.
Full integration with the National Accounts makes the Norwegian BOP and IIP data consistent with both the exports and the imports figures and financial figures for the Rest of the World Account of the National Accounts.
The BOP has a somewhat broader scope compared to the External Trade in Goods statistics. The main deviations are that BOP includes as exports goods delivered to non-resident carriers in Norwegian ports, goods other than oil and gas exported directly from the Norwegian continental shelf, imports of fuel to Norwegian carriers in foreign ports, and direct imports of goods to the Norwegian continental shelf. In addition, the BOP converts exports and imports of certain types of goods as registered in the external trade statistics into exports and imports of services.
A table of the external debt statistics can be found under “tables”. The external debt statistics is based on the guidelines in BPM6 and External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. The quarterly data from the IIP statistics is the basis of the external debt statistics. The gross external debt liabilities equals the debt liabilities in the IIP statement, i.e., total IIP liabilities excluding all equity (equity shares and other equity) and investment fund shares. The first level of disaggregation of the external debt is by institutional sector. The second level of disaggregation is by maturity of external debt, and the third level of disaggregation is by type of debt instrument.
In the BOP and IIP Statistics there is a classification on functional categories, one of them being direct investment. There is a separate annual statistics on Direct investment published by Statistics Norway. The two statistics follows different principles and will therefore show different figures. Statistics Norway also publishes Portfolio investment abroad, and the statistics follows the same international guidelines as the IIP.
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The main part of the data is collected under the provisions of the Statistics Act and the Act on the Supervision of Credit Institutions, Insurance Companies and Securities Trading etc.
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EU-regulations incorporated in the EEA-agreement define the scope of the statistics. The following regulations apply to the BOP and IIP -statistics:
- REGULATION (EC) No 184/2005 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 January 2005 on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment
- COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1055/2008 of 27 October 2008 implementing Regulation (EC) No 184/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council, as regards quality criteria and quality reporting for balance of payments statistics
- COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1227/2010 of 20 December 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1055/2008 implementing Regulation (EC) No 184/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council, as regards quality criteria and quality reporting for balance of payments statistics
- COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 555/2012 of 22 June 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 184/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment, as regards the update of data requirements and definitions
- REGULATION (EC) No 716/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on Community statistics on the structure and activity of foreign affiliates
Production
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The scope of the Balance of Payments and International investment position is defined in international guidelines in the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6), System of National Accounts (2008 SNA, published by the UN, OECD, IMF, World Bank and the European Commission) and the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).
Like the National Accounts, the IIP and BOP accounts are constructed around three basic concepts: statistical units, economic values and transactions. Briefly, the accounting systems describe transactions between statistical units in which economic values are provided or received in exchange for other economic values. The Balance of Payments shall in principle include all transactions between unit’s resident of the Norwegian economic territory and non-resident units. See below for more about the sample that’s behind the BoP statistics.
The delineation of the economy towards the rest of the world is based on the concept of resident units. A unit is a resident unit when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory in question, i.e. when it is engaged in economic activity in a territory for a long period of time (at least one year).
The Norwegian economic territory includes mainland Norway together with the Norwegian part of the Continental Shelf, Svalbard and Jan Mayen with Bjørnøya.
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The BOP and IIP statistics are based on data collected by other divisions in Statistics Norway.
The main sources for the current- and capital account;
- External trade in goods
- Petroleum Statistics
- Sample survey, non-financial enterprises,non-financial corporations and financial institutions not under supervision
- Structural Business Statistics, Ocean Transport
- Annual accounting statistics for the general government.
- Quarterly accounting statistics for financial corporations under supervision
- Travel survey
The main sources for the financial account;
- Quarterly accounting statistics for financial corporations under supervision. Positions are reported and some transactions (equity, other debt securities and loans) and some revaluations (exchange rate changes and other price changes) quarterly and annually.
- Quarterly accounting statistics for non-financial corporations and financial institutions not under supervision. Positions and revaluations are reported quarterly and annually.
- Annual accounting statistics for the general government. Positions and revaluations (exchange rate changes and other price changes) are reported.
- Quarterly data from the Norwegian Central Securities Depository (VPS) and data from a separate survey on mutual funds. Positions and transactions are reported.
Data collected for non-financial corporations and mutual funds are based on sample surveys. See each survey for more information on sampling, for example sample survey and how to choose the sample. For areas with incomplete statistical coverage, it is necessary to do estimations or use supplementary sources such as tax returns.
All major Norwegian financial and non-financial enterprises are covered in the BOP and IIP-statistics.
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For most of the BOP and IIP items the figures used are as shown in the primary sources, as mentioned in the “Data source and sampling” section. Others are derived through estimations of which the most important are:
Current account
Services and income flows are estimated on quarterly basis by using the change as observed in the sampling survey data combined with last known annual totals. This estimation procedure is the same used in Quarterly National Accounts.
Reinvestment of earnings
Reinvestment of earnings is included in both the current and financial account. Reinvestment of earnings arising from a direct investor’s equity in its direct investment enterprise is calculated based on accounting variables profit and dividends.
Financial account
Financial transactions are to a large extent estimated starting with observed investment positions. The definitional identity employed is: opening position + transactions + revaluations = closing position.
Most of the revaluations due to exchange rate movements are estimated combining exchange rates and information on foreign currencies in use for different variables.
The household’s holiday houses abroad are estimated based on tax information. Price changes and exchange rates are estimated from information from various countries.
The non-financial enterprises and financial institutions not under supervision are based on a quarterly sample survey. This covers the major enterprises in the population and has a sample size of 500-600 enterprises. Quarterly numbers are then grossed up with figures from the annual BoP and IIP reporting that has a sample size of 3,000 enterprises. This is done by adding the enterprises only included in yearly survey to the fourth quarter and are then copied the following three quarters. These enterprises represent approximately ten percent of non-financial enterprises' total assets and liabilities.
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Not relevant
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§ 2-6 of the Statistics Act states that data under no circumstances shall be published in such a way that they may be traced back to the supplier.
§2-4 of the Statistics Act contains provisions regarding professional secrecy for the staff as well as other provisions regarding confidentiality and integrity.
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Statistics Norway has adapted the international recommendations for compiling BOP and IIP statistics and is therefore comparable with other countries' BOP and IIP statistics. Annual and quarterly current account data on a consistent form are available back to 1981 in the Statbank. Correspondingly for the financial account back to 2005. Quarterly IIP data on a consistent form are available back to 2012 in the Statbank. The data has had several changes due to the new manuals BPM6 and ESA2010 and which has led to minor breaks in the time series. Longer times series for annual IIP data are available back to 1998 based on BPM5 guidelines. Longer times series for annual and quarterly current account data are available back to 1970. Correspondingly for the financial account back to 1981. For the period 1994 - 2004 monthly data for both current and financial account are available. An historic table for Balance of Payments is available back to 1949, see 22.8 and 22.9.
Accuracy and reliability
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The Norwegian BOP and IIP Statistics makes use of information from a great variety of statistical sources and will reflect uncertainty and errors which might appear in these sources. However, the fact that IIP is a logical system within an even larger logical system of the National Accounts, it is possible to carry out a range of consistency checks to counterbalance the initial collection and then processing errors of the primary sources.
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Preliminary quarterly and annual figures are revised until final annual figures are published (in August/September year t+2). See Administrative information, Frequency and timeliness.
In addition, periodical main revisions give revised figures. A main revision of the BoP time series were conducted in December 2014 with the implementation of the new manuals Balance of Payments and International Investment Position (BPM6) and European system of national Accounts (ESA2010). The BoP financial account has revised its time series back to 2005.
Contact
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Håvard Sjølie
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Linda Wietfeldt