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statistikk
2021-05-10T08:00:00.000Z
Labour market and earnings;Immigration and immigrants
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arblonn, Number of employments and earnings, business cycle, business trend, cyclic development, cyclical trend, economic cycle, economic trend, employee, salaried employee, workEmployment , Labour market and earnings, Labour market and earnings, Immigration and immigrants
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Number of employments and earnings

Updated

Next update

Key figures

-2.9 %

less jobs

Number of jobs, wage earners, and average monthly basic earnings, by sex
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage change
Number of jobs (employments)
Both sexes2 810 073-2.9
Males1 446 683-3.2
Females1 363 390-2.6
 
Number of employees
Both sexes2 569 738-2.4
Males1 352 226-2.7
Females1 217 512-2.0
 
Average monthly basic earnings (NOK)
Both sexes46 8902.9
Males49 3403.1
Females43 9002.6

See selected tables from this statistics

Table 1 
Number of jobs and average monthly basic earnings, by sex

Number of jobs and average monthly basic earnings, by sex
Number of jobs (employments)Average monthly basic earnings (NOK)
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage change
Both sexes
All ages2 810 073-2.946 8902.9
Less than 25 years359 675-5.929 8902.6
25-39 years941 367-3.243 4902.8
40-54 years941 686-2.651 2102.5
55-66 years511 556-0.151 8902.4
67 years or older55 789-8.249 5604.1
 
Males
All ages1 446 683-3.249 3403.1
Less than 25 years173 903-6.030 7402.6
25-39 years489 454-3.944 9503.0
40-54 years484 147-3.054 3302.8
55-66 years264 7550.456 0002.5
67 years or older34 424-5.452 5203.7
 
Females
All ages1 363 390-2.643 9002.6
Less than 25 years185 772-5.728 7102.3
25-39 years451 913-2.341 7102.6
40-54 years457 539-2.147 5302.2
55-66 years246 801-0.646 9202.4
67 years or older21 365-12.443 0904.4

Table 2 
Number of jobs and average monthly basic earnings, by county

Number of jobs and average monthly basic earnings, by county
Number of jobs (employments)Average monthly basic earnings (NOK)
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage change
Viken556 718-2.946 0402.7
Oslo503 808-4.153 0104.1
Innlandet174 902-2.942 3302.5
Vestfold og Telemark189 249-2.244 0502.6
Agder147 055-0.744 0202.0
Rogaland261 470-2.748 9002.2
Vestland330 271-3.246 0902.8
Møre og Romsdal135 116-1.943 8702.2
Trøndelag - Trööndelage242 404-2.245 5202.7
Nordland122 824-1.843 5702.4
Troms og Finnmark - Romsa ja Finnmárku132 116-3.144 1602.8

Table 3 
Number of jobs and average monthly basic earnings, by industry division (17 groups, SIC2007)

Number of jobs and average monthly basic earnings, by industry division (17 groups, SIC2007)
Number of jobs (employments)Average monthly basic earnings (NOK)
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage change
All industries2 810 073-2.946 8902.9
Agriculture, forestry and fishing31 7301.141 7205.3
Mining and quarrying61 218-1.865 0801.6
Manufacture213 042-3.347 1402.6
Electricity, water supply, sewerage, waste management34 1291.453 3802.8
Construction237 298-1.044 7903.1
Wholesale and retail trade: repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles364 197-1.042 3903.4
Transportation and storage128 863-9.945 2702.8
Accommodation and food service activities73 881-35.233 4504.5
Information and communication102 2622.160 3903.2
Financial and insurance activities48 4081.864 1002.7
Real estate, professional, scientific and technical activities171 674-1.858 0902.9
Administrative and support service activities144 862-8.940 2202.4
Public adm., defence, soc. security187 8481.650 2101.0
Education252 616-0.646 8200.9
Human health and social work activities647 0220.842 1101.3
Other service activities109 026-7.543 7504.0
Unspecified1 99734.864 1809.4

Table 4 
Number of jobs, by immigrant category and country background

Number of jobs, by immigrant category and country background
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage change
 
First generation immigrants without Norwegian background
Nordic countries43 798-4.9
Western Europe else46 721-4.1
EU countries in Eastern Europe128 880-5.2
Eastern Europe else42 320-1.5
North America and Oceania7 377-1.7
Asia130 812-3.6
Africa51 982-4.0
South and Central America15 586-2.0
Non-residents
Nordic countries17 645-21.2
Western Europe else5 787-24.8
EU countries in Eastern Europe40 737-22.5
Eastern Europe else818-12.6
North America and Oceania368-20.7
Asia1 110-16.5
Africa323-11.7
South and Central America151-16.6

Table 5 
Job flows, by industry division (17 groups, SIC2007)

Job flows, by industry division (17 groups, SIC2007)
Number of jobs (employments)Job decreases, all establishmentsJob increases, all establishments
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage change
All industries2 810 072-2.9351 31118.6267 422-20.1
Agriculture, forestry and fishing31 7321.14 7586.85 116-5.9
Mining and quarrying61 215-1.85 026133.13 911-45.3
Manufacture213 038-3.321 15325.413 823-24.6
Electricity, water supply, sewerage, waste management34 1391.42 7240.43 190-8.9
Construction237 294-1.032 8063.330 363-14.4
Wholesale and retail trade: repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles364 192-1.041 9044.038 3271.2
Transportation and storage128 864-9.927 03259.612 949-27.9
Accommodation and food service activities73 879-35.349 593229.19 372-53.2
Information and communication102 2642.111 04313.213 172-6.0
Financial and insurance activities48 4141.92 596-34.53 477-27.0
Real estate, professional, scientific and technical activities171 670-1.824 42610.321 279-19.7
Administrative and support service activities144 861-8.934 03932.319 846-27.2
Public adm., defence, soc. security187 8491.612 663-27.315 557-17.4
Education252 613-0.612 9196.811 383-28.2
Human health and social work activities647 0190.845 943-18.651 261-15.7
Other service activities109 026-7.522 16423.613 356-33.1
Unspecified2 00334.9522-15.11 0401.9

Table 6 
Job flows, by sector

Job flows, by sector
Number of jobs (employments)Job decreases, all establishmentsJob increases, all establishments
1st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 20211st quarter 20211st quarter 2020 - 1st quarter 2021
Absolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage changeAbsolute numbersPercentage change
Sum all sectors2 810 072-2.9340 62017.2256 731-22.0
Private sector, public enterprises, and unspecified1 817 149-4.7282 18533.9193 176-19.4
Local government654 922-0.248 090-28.546 735-33.8
Central government338 0012.010 345-18.316 820-10.8

About the statistics

The statistics show the number of people working in Norwegian establishments and their earnings. The purpose is to show changes in the number of jobs, number of employees, and earnings for each quarter compared to the same quarter the year before. The statistics include both residents and non-residents as well as all age groups.

Definitions

Definitions of the main concepts and variables

The statistics of the number of employees and jobs (employments) are based on reported information from A-ordningen for the middle month of a given quarter. Statistics Norway follows the recommendations of the International Labour Organization (ILO) regarding preparation of labor statistics in the choice of key concepts and definitions.

Job-related characteristics

Employed persons are persons who performed paid work of at least one hour's duration in the reference week, as well as persons who have such work but who were temporarily absent due to illness, vacation, paid leave, etc. Employed persons include employees and self-employed persons.

Employees are persons who receive compensation for work in the form of earnings. For employees with more than one job (employment), one is established as the most important (i.e., the main job (employment)).

Job/employment: Job and employment are used synonymously and defines work compensated by earnings. A person may have several jobs/employments in different establishments.

Employer-related characteristics

The characteristics of place of work and industry division/sector are obtained from the Central Register of Business Establishments and Enterprises (CRE) and apply to the establishment where the person works.

Information about the sector is retrieved from the CRE. Sector is classified according to the Classification of Institutional Sector.

Personal characteristics

Characteristics such as place of residence, sex, and age are obtained from the National Registry.

Residents are defined as persons registered in the National Registry and also include temporary residents who plan on staying in Norway for six months or more.

Non-residents are defined as persons registered in the National Registry with a planned stay in Norway of less than six months. Non-residents include persons with a temporary social security number (D-number) or registered as emigrants, but who work in Norway.

Immigrants are defined as persons who are born abroad, have foreign-born parents and grandparents, and later immigrated to Norway. Data on immigration status and country background are retrieved from registries at Statistics Norway.

Earning terms

The term earning relates to payment for work in an employment relationship. The statistics do not include payment or benefit in kind, insurance, expense allowance, holiday pay etc. Gross earnings before tax is the basis of the earning terms.

Basic monthly earning is the fixed amount that is paid, whether it is defined as an hourly, monthly, fortnightly or weekly earnings. Basic monthly earning is the actual paid amount at the time of count and is often described as earnings on a scale or regular basic earning. Qualification/skills allowances and other regular personal allowances are included.

Monthly earnings include basic monthly earning, variable additional allowances and bonuses. This is measured in the middle month of the quarter. Overtime pay is not included in monthly earnings.

Full-time equivalents: In order to compare earnings between full-time and part-time employees, the earnings of part-time employees are converted to the equivalent for full-time work. This is done using the percentage of each part-time employee’s position as a conversion factor. Monthly earnings per full-time equivalent for part-time employees can then be merged with the monthly earnings of full-time employees so that the average monthly earnings for all employees can be calculated.

Payment in cash includes all payments in cash from the employer including basic monthly earnings, fixed and variable additional allowances, bonuses, overtime pay and other payments in cash not specified here, before taxes.

Job flows: Job increases and job decreases in establishments

Job increase and job decrease is based on whether the number of jobs (employments) in a given establishment has increased or decreased during the last year for a given quarter. The tables distinguishes between job flows as a result of new establishments, terminated establishments and increase/decrease in existing establishments. Existing establishments is an establishment with employees on both points of measure. New establishments were not established or had no employees at first point of measure. Terminated establishments had employees at the first point of measure but was terminated or had no employees at the last point of measure.

Within the different industries, job increase and job decrease can be a result of existing establishments changing industry between the points of measure. All jobs (employments) that are moved counts as job decrease in the industry they are leaving and job increase in the industry they are entering. The establishment can have the same amount of jobs (employments) on both points of measure, but we will still see a job increase in one industry and job decrease in another. In the statbank table there are numbers who specifically shows job increase and job decrease as a result of existing establishments changing industry. This will also be the case when distinguishing job increase and job decrease by sector. Since establishments can change industry without changing sector and vice versa, the number of job increases and job decreases in the tables by industry will differ from the numbers in the tables by sector.

Labour force flows: New hirings and terminated hirings

Labour force flows occur as a result of a replacement of employees in establishments. This is affected by new hirings, terminated hirings and employees changing jobs. The statbank tables distinguishes between labour force flows as a result of these measurements. Jobs (employments) are measured by establishments, which means that employees changing establishment within the same enterprise also contributes to labour force flows. The statistics are based on two points of measure (same quarter, past and present year), meaning that short term jobs (employments) between the points of measure are not included in the labour force flows.

Labour force flows and job flows (described above) are closely related. Job flows describes job increase and job decrease, and the establishments are the focus area. Labour force flows focus on the employee, and the statistics allows for distinguishing numbers by sex, age, education, immigration categories etc. In total, job increases and job decreases (job flows) adds up to the same change in number of jobs as new hirings and terminated hirings in the establishments (labour force flows).

Monthly figures from a-ordningen

The purpose of the additional tables is to provide a frequent overview of the economic trends in Norway, as measured by changes in the number of jobs (employments), employees and payment in cash.

The experimental statistics includes all employed persons who have their place of work in Norwegian establishments, regardless of age and whether the employee is a resident in Norway or not. The requirement for being included is either having received payment in the reference period, being temporarily absent due to leave or being laid off temporarily or having received compensation for wages e.g. maternity leave, parental benefits or sickness benefits. Self-employed are not included.

The tables contain both preliminary and final figures based on monthly information from a-ordningen. In the «first version» of the monthly figures, there are some jobs/employees that are not included due to delays in the reporting, as a result we refer to the figures as preliminary. In the final figures, we use a «second version» from a-ordningen, which is available one month later and where the above-mentioned jobs/employees are included. The ordinary labour market statistics that use data from a-ordningen are all based on this second version. Using the first version means that we do not capture all jobs/employees in line with the employment definition, but it enables earlier publication.

The jobs/employees that are not captured, as a result of using the first version, consists of delayed reporting, replacements for previous months and jobs with various time delays. The latter includes a) a newly started employment without pay in the reference week who receives pay the following month, and b) employment without pay in the reference week, but with pay in both the month before and after. The reference week is the week that contains the 16th, which is the 3rd week of the month.

 

Standard classifications

The industrial classification is in accordance with the revised Standard Industrial Classification (NOS D 383), which is based on the EU-standard of NACE Rev. 2.

The occupational classification is in accordance with the Standard Classification of Occupations (STYRK-08), which is based on ISCO-08 (COM).

The sector classification is in accordance with the Classification of Institutional Sector.

Breakdown by county and municipality is in accordance with the list of counties and municipalities as of the 1st in the middle month of a given quarter.

Administrative information

Name and topic

Name: Number of employments and earnings
Topic: Labour market and earnings

Next release

Responsible division

Division for Labour Market and Wage Statistics

Regional level

Municipality, county, and the country as a whole

Frequency and timeliness

Quarterly

International reporting

None

Microdata

Source data are permanently stored.

Background

Background and purpose

The purpose of the current statistics is to elucidate changes in the number of jobs (employments) and employees, as well as provide tables of the development at a detailed regional level (municipalities and counties) that we do not have in the Labour Force Survey (LFS) or the quarterly national accounts.

The statistics are based on A-ordningen. A-ordningen was established in 2015 and is a common reporting system for everyone disbursing earnings, pension, and other benefits. It is based on monthly reporting of relevant information in the form of a so-called a-melding, which is transmitted electronically to the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, and Statistics Norway.

The statistics were first published in January 2018, with figures dating back to 1st quarter 2016.

 

Users and applications

Public administration and local administration in particular, employers' and employees' organisations, media, individual companies, and researchers

Equal treatment of users

No external user has access to the figures until 8 a.m. on the day of publication at https://www.ssb.no/en/. Notice about the publication are given in the statistics calendar at least three months in advance.

Coherence with other statistics

There are two different approaches that can be used when describing employment in Norway:

  1. the participation of the population in the labor market
  2. establishments use of labor in the production of goods and services

When looking at the population's participation in the labor market, the population is normally limited to persons aged 15-74 years and registered as residents in Norway. This approach is used in the annual registry-based employment statistics and in the Labor Force Survey (LFS).

When looking at the establishments ' use of labor in the production of goods and services, it is common to include all employed persons who have their place of work in Norwegian establishments, regardless of age and whether the employee is registered as a resident of Norway or not. This approach is used by the national accounts and structural statistics. It is also this population that is used in the current statistics on the number of employees and jobs (employments) (see the Production section for more information).

The annual registry-based employment statistics describe employment and industry division/sector at a detailed regional level. The statistics are based on persons registered as residents of Norway according to the National Registry and working in Norwegian establishments. The criterion is that you are expected to stay for at least six months in the country. Employed persons include employees and self-employed persons. The statistics include employed persons per 4th quarter (reference week in November). For employed persons with more than one job (employment), one is identified as the most important. The main difference between the quarterly statistics on the number of jobs (employments) and the annual registry-based employment statistics is that the latter statistics also includes self-employed persons, but it does not include employees on short-term stays (i.e., planned stay of less than six months). In addition, the registry-based employment statistics are restricted to 15-74 years, while there are no age limits in the statistics on the number of jobs (employments) and employees.

When it comes to reporting the number of jobs (employments) in the national accounts and other economic statistics, this is also based on Norwegian establishments, regardless of whether the person is resident or not. This is the same approach as in the current statistics.

Legal authority

Act on Official Statistics and Statistics Norway § 10, cf. Act on the employer's reporting of employment and income conditions, etc. (the a-opplysnings Act) § 3.

EEA reference

Not relevant

Production

Population

These statistics are based on the establishments’ use of labor in the production
of goods and services in Norway (see the Coherence with other statistics subsection
under the Background section for more information). When looking at the
establishments’ use of labor in the production of goods and services, it is common to include all employed persons who have their place of
work in Norwegian
establishments, regardless of age and whether the employee is resident in Norway or
not. This also includes foreign employees on short-term stays (non-residents).

Employed persons include employees and self-employed persons. Only the former are reported to A-ordningen. Therefore, the current statistics only cover jobs (employments) among employees

Data sources and sampling

Data sources

The main source of the statistics is A-ordningen, which is a coordinated digital collection of job (employment), income, and tax deductions for the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), and Statistics Norway. This means that Statistics Norway receives information about earnings and employees directly from the so-called a-meldingen, which is the electronic message containing all the information collected. More information may be found on https://www.skatteetaten.no/bedrift-og-organisasjon/arbeidsgiver/a-meldingen/.

In addition to A-ordningen, other registers are used, the most important being Vernepliktsverket and Enhetsregisteret and the Central Register of Business Establishments and Enterprises (CRE).

Sampling

Not relevant

Collection of data, editing and estimations

Data Collection

The statistics is not based on data collection, but  a number of different registries:

  • Statistics Norway receives monthly data from A-ordningen.
  • Statistics Norway receives monthly data from Vernepliktsverket.
  • Variables such as place of work and industry division/sector are obtained from Enhetsregisteret and the Central Register of Business Establishments and Enterprises (CRE).
  • Personal characteristics are obtained from the National Registry.

Calculations

The statistics is solely based on register data, meaning that the calculations consist of summing up the numbers of employees and jobs (employments) in specific Groups.

Reported level of earnings is average values. This is based on jobs (employments) with earnings equal to the ones defined under 'Earning terms' at the point of measure. Not all jobs (employments) has an earning each month, meaning that they can be included in enumeration, not affecting the calculation of average earnings.

 

Seasonal adjustment

Not relevant

Confidentiality

Statistics Norway’s common rules of confidentiality are followed.

Comparability over time and space

Comparable figures are available from 1st quarter 2016 onwards.

These statistics are not comparable to the annual register-based employment statistics or the Labour Force Survey (LFS), as they are based on another population. Nor will the statistics be completely comparable to the employment figures in the national accounts, although the population is essentially similar. The difference is due to the fact that the national accounts publish figures for employed persons, which also include self-employed persons. In addition, the number of employed persons in the national accounts is given as an average for all months in the quarter. For more information, see the Background section.

In the first quarter of 2020 (2020Q1) there was a change in the method for estimating working hours. The change only affects the distribution of wage earners by different classifications. The categorical placement of wage earners is decided by their main job. The new method may cause a change in main job for people having several jobs and hence their placement as wage earners by industry, occupation, place of work etc. The change in method does not lead to significant systematic changes between groups, and in most cases the number of wage earners will be close to unaffected. In the first quarter of 2020 the change in method caused a net change of about 3000 wage earners by industry (17 groups). In other words, the industries having a decrease in the number of wage earners had a total decrease of about 3000 wage earners. Other industries had an equivalent increase in total.

From the first quarter of 2020 the statistics is affected by the region reform (including both counties and municipalities), which was put in force from January 1. 2020. The reform mainly affects the magnitude of job- and labor force flows. Some establishments were closed due to the reform, with the employees being transferred to existing or new establishments in the new municipalities and/or counties. Employees changing establishments will lead to increased job- and labor force flows. Hirings in the closed establishments will be defined as terminated and hirings in the new establishments will be defined as new hirings. In addition to the municipal and regional sector the effect is most noticeable for classifications where a large share of the employees works in the municipal and regional sector. The industries most affected are 84 Public administration, defense and social security, 85 Education and 86-88 Human health and social work activities. The reform will have an effect on job- and labor force flows throughout 2020.

 

In the first quarter of 2020 (2020Q1) there was a change in the method for estimating working hours. The change only affects the distribution of wage earners by different classifications. The categorical placement of wage earners is decided by their main job. The new method may cause a change in main job for people having several jobs and hence their placement as wage earners by industry, occupation, place of work etc. The change in method does not lead to significant systematic changes between groups, and in most cases the number of wage earners will be close to unaffected. In the first quarter of 2020 the change in method caused a net change of about 3000 wage earners by industry (17 groups). In other words, the industries having a decrease in the number of wage earners had a total decrease of about 3000 wage earners. Other industries had an equivalent increase in total.

From the first quarter of 2020 the statistics is affected by the region reform (including both counties and municipalities), which was put in force from January 1. 2020. The reform mainly affects the magnitude of job- and labor force flows. Some establishments were closed due to the reform, with the employees being transferred to existing or new establishments in the new municipalities and/or counties. Employees changing establishments will lead to increased job- and labor force flows. Hirings in the closed establishments will be defined as terminated and hirings in the new establishments will be defined as new hirings. In addition to the municipal and regional sector the effect is most noticeable for classifications where a large share of the employees works in the municipal and regional sector. The industries most affected are 84 Public administration, defense and social security, 85 Education and 86-88 Human health and social work activities. The reform will have an effect on job- and labor force flows throughout 2020.

Accuracy and reliability

Sources of error and uncertainty

The statistics are based on A-ordningen. The quality of A-ordningen is generally good. Nevertheless, some errors might occur.

Measurement and processing errors

Some errors might occur due to incorrect reporting of the information (measurement error). Furthermore, errors might occur as the result of data processing conducted at Statistics Norway (processing error).

There are indications of gradual improvement in the reporting to A-ordningen from 2015 to 2016, even though the reporting during the first year of A-ordningen (2015) is considered as being good. Therefore, figures are published from 1st quarter 2016 onwards.

More uncertainty is expected in the number of employees and jobs (employments) at a detailed regional level than at a more aggregated level (e.g., the country as a whole).

Not relevant

Sample error

Not relevant

Revision

Not relevant