Offences investigated
Updated: 3 July 2024
Next update: Not yet determined
2023 | |
---|---|
Offences investigated | 298 200 |
Offences investigated and solved | 119 261 |
Charges against persons | 122 126 |
Persons charged | 60 751 |
Persons charged in base year included in recidivism statistics | 64 060 |
Persons charged in base year with recidivism in the following five-year period | 23 925 |
More figures from this statistics
- 09407: Offences investigated, by police decision and police district. Absolute figures
- 09410: Charges against persons, by group of offences, type of offence and age. Absolute figures
- 09419: Persons charged, by sex and scene of crime/place of residence (C) (and category of principal offence -2014). Absolute figures and per 1 000 population
- 11453: Total number of persons charged in each group of offence, by sex and age. Absolute figures
- 09424: Persons charged in base year, by sex and age in base year, and number of years with recidivism. Absolute figures
About the statistics
The statistics include the offences investigated and registered during the statistical year. The statistics include information about type of offence, police district, police decision and charges against persons – in addition to persons charged by age, sex, place of residence, citizenship, scene of crime, number of offences and recidivism.
The information under «About the statistics» was last updated 14 December 2023.
Offences investigated
The statistics includes the offences investigated and registered during the statistical year. An offence is considered completely investigated at the time a decision with legal efficacy has been made regarding the offence. The statistics includes both persons and organisations.
Cases reported to and investigated and completed by the Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs are not included in the data basis for the statistics on offences investigated (see Coherence with other statistics under Background). Violations under the Road Traffic Act or Customs Act that are settled by on the spot fines are not regarded as offences reported to the police, and are not investigated by the police and Prosecution authority. They are therefore not included in the statistics (see statistics on Sanctions).
A decision with legal efficacy
Can be given by the police and the prosecuting authority, or by the courts. The legal decision implies that the police and prosecuting authority or courts consider the offence as completely investigated - and that further investigation is not of current interest (unless retrial at a later time).
The basic material contains about 200 different types of legal decisions. How offences are settled by the police and prosecuting authorities, are described by the statistics on investigated offences. (Other registers than STRASAK are used for statistics on sanctions). All court decisions, e.g. unconditional imprisonment or acquittal, are for this reason classified as decided by prosecution in the statistics on investigated offences. Some decisions made by the police and the prosecuting authority, conclude that no offence has been committed. Cases with such decisions are not considered as offences and so not included in the statistics on investigated offences.
Offences
In the crime statistics defined as acts tgat are described by the law, at any given time, as punishable. To date, more than 1 270 different codes have been used in the polices’ central registration system for offences BL/STRASAK/PAL, of which about 700 different codes are actively used today to classify offences.
Following the Penal Code of 2005 coming into effect on 1 October 2015, around 430 new codes were introduced into the police’ central registration system for offences. These replaced the codes from the Penal Code of 1902, which are about the same in numbers. Consequentially, Statistics Norway now use the new version of Standard for types of offences, Type of offence 2015, to classify offences.
Group of offence
Offences are divided into nine main groups. These groups of offences are further divided into several underlying, more specified, types of offences.
Type of offence
Offences are divided into about 150 unique types of offences. Similar types of offences are grouped together to a varying degree of aggregated levels, where all levels are included in the nine groups of offences.
Category of offence
A former classification of offences used in the statistics for the period 1993-2014, where offences were classified as either a crime or a misdemeanor. For more information on this expired classification, see the version Types of offences 2006 in Klass and About the statistics 2014 for Offences investigated.
Principal offence
A person, who has been charged with several offences in the course of the statistical year, will be grouped by the principal offence in the tables, i.e. by the offence, which by law carries the longest sentences.
Persons charged
By Statistics Norway's definition, persons who have a legal decision against them. Common to all "persons charged" is that they are regarded by the police and prosecuting authorities as perpetrators and have had the status as charged at the completion of the investigation (prior to any prosecution and court trial).
The criminal responsibility age in Norway is 15 years. The prosecution will therefore be dropped if the person who is charged is under the age of 15, because the person is not considered to be liable. The offence is nevertheless considered solved and is therefore included in these statistics.
In some cases, a person may be a participant in several offences and thus incur several charges in the course of the statistical year. The tables of persons charged show the number of different persons who have been charged in the course of the statistical year. In other words, a person is counted only once as charged in the course of statistical year. In other cases several persons may have participated in one individual offence, i.e. several persons may be charged with the same offence. In such cases, all these persons are included in the tables of persons charged. On the basis of these two factors, the number of persons charged will be different from the number of offences solved by charge.
A person suspected of having committed offences can get a legal status as charged at various times during the investigation of a criminal case (e.g. the status of prisoner in custody is person charged). Charges can, however, be withdrawn during the investigation so that by the completion of the investigation the person is no longer regarded as charged. In other words, persons who have been charged during the investigation, but not at the completion of the investigation, are not included in the statistics. Because the statistics do not cover everyone who has had the status of being charged, Statistics Norway's use of the term "charged" is not synonymous with corresponding terms in Section 82 of the Criminal Procedure Act. All "persons charged" in the statistics have, however, have had the status of charged in connection with the offences for which they have received a legal decision.
Charges against persons
Charges are an overview of all the offences for which the charged persons have been charged for during the year. Charges against persons are defined based on the decision with legal efficacy, in a similar way as for charged persons.
A person may have several charges during the year. Enterprises/organisations may also be perpetrators but are not included in charges against persons.
As there may be several accomplices in one offence, certain decisions may lead to the status of solved without a charged person, a person can receive several charges during the year and enterprises/organisations are not included, the number of charges against persons different from the number of offences solved. In other words, the statistics on charged persons, charges against persons and offences solved have different units that count perpetrators and offences in different ways. Simplistically, we can still say that the statistics on charges give us a detailed and complete overview of all offences for which the charged persons have been caught.
The statistics on charges against persons and charged persons are very impacted by which offences are solved.
The percentage of solved offences
Calculated from Statistics Norway's classification of the legal decisions. As a main rule, all offences in which the police and prosecuting authority have charged at least one person at the completion of the investigation count as solved. The offence also counts as solved when prosecution is dropped or withdrawn, but in such cases no information is obtained on possible persons charged. The percentage is calculated from the number of offences solved by the police and prosecuting authority. This implies that all offences transferred to (with prosecution or charge in the magistrate's court) and decided in the courts, count as solved. This also applies to the offences in which the court at a later time has acquitted the putative perpetrators for the offences for which they have been charged. Cases in which the investigation has concluded that an offence has not taken place are not included in the statistics on investigated offences, or in the calculation of the percentage of solved offences. The percentage solved for various types of offences varies widely. An overall percentage of solved offences for the entire country, or for a police district, is therefore highly dependent on how the offences are distributed by type.
Solved offences:
- Prosecution dropped, the offender not liable
- Transferred to Conflict Council
- Ticket fine
- Committed for trial
- Prosecution dropped and other solved
Unsolved offences:
- Prosecution dropped, insufficient information about the offender
- Prosecution dropped, deficient evidence
- Prosecution dropped, deficient investigation capacity
- Other unsolved
Recidivism
An ongoing survey of recidivism among persons charged at the completion of the investigation is carried out. The survey covers persons charged with crimes during the year five years ahead of the statistical year. Recidivism here is defined as a new charge in one or more of the following five years. The survey does not take into account various forms of recidivism obstacles during the observation period. Persons charged with uncertain information about identity and/or time of a crime, are not in the survey.
Police districts
Are used to break down violations of the law according to the body that is ascribed as owner of the criminal proceedings, on the date Statistics Norway takes an extraction of the basic data.
From 1 January 2016, Norwegian police were organised into new regional districts, where 27 police districts were reduced to 12. Statistics Norway release figures by this new division from the year 2016 and onwards, even though the data basis for the production of the statistics does not contain criminal case data with allocations by the new district standard, and that the internal process of organising the new district will be executed over the course of 2017 and 2018.
In addition to the 12 geografic police districts (see Standard classifications), the Governor of Svalbard and some central Special agencies can also be owners (i.e. have responsibility for follow-up) of criminal cases during different stages of the criminal proceedings process. The Norwegian National Authority for Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime (Økokrim) and The National Criminal Investigation Service (Kripos) have prosecuting authority and can decide criminal cases and are therefore included in the category Special agency
Classification of type of offence: Standard for type of offences are divided into nine main groups. These groups of offences are further divided into several underlying, more specified, types of offences.
Classification of police district
Classification of citizenship and continent
Police decisions: jf. Table D1 in Koder for avgjørelser i STRASAK og Straffesakskjeden 2010-2017, page 192-194 in Rapporter 2020/22 (only in Norwegian).
Age: groups 5-14, 15-17, 18-20, 21-24, 25-29, 30-39, 40-59, 60-.
Name: Offences investigated
Topic: Social conditions, welfare and crime
Division for Income and social welfare statistics
National, county and police district level.
Annual. Normally published in the third quarter of the year subsequent to the statistical year.
Collected and revised data are stored securely by Statistics Norway in compliance with applicable legislation on data processing.
Statistics Norway can grant access to the source data (de-identified or anonymised microdata) on which the statistics are based, for researchers and public authorities for the purposes of preparing statistical results and analyses. Access can be granted upon application and subject to conditions. Refer to the details about this at Access to data from Statistics Norway.
Raw data files of whole-year files from the Police IT Unit are stored electronically. Volume files with completely processed material are stored electronically (volumes from 1987 have been adapted to the new technological platform).
The statistics describe how the police and prosecuting authority settle offences when investigation is completed, percentage of solved offences, alleged offenders when investigation is completed (persons charged) and recidivism among these.
The statistics on completely investigated offences has been published annually from 1957 included. The statistics is used to describe the registered crimes and their offenders from 1960 up to 1991, and the registered offences from 1992 and up to today. The principle division between crimes and misdemeanours has been discontinued in new Penal Code of 2005. Separate statistics on Offences reported to the police exists from 1993.
After a gradual transition from reporting through forms to reporting electronically (completed in the years around 1990), the central police registration system (STRASAK) has been the basis for the statistics. In 2002 there was made changes in the processing in accordance with new structure for the police districts and the subsequent alteration in the police's registration systems (BL/STRASAK/PAL).
(See comparability over time and space for more information about changes).
Important users are the media, the research and education sector, NGOs, the Ministry of Justice and other government agencies and other agencies in the justice sector. The statistics also serve as a basis for information to anyone else interested in the state and development within the field of crime.
No external users have access to statistics before they are released at 8 a.m. on ssb.no after at least three months’ advance notice in the release calendar. This is one of the most important principles in Statistics Norway for ensuring the equal treatment of users.
The statistics over investigated offences one of four main crime statistics in the area of Crime and the justice. The others are Offences reported to the police, Sanctions, and Imprisonments.
When using crime statistics, it is important to be aware that the various parts do not necessarily refer to the same population of offences within the same year. It can take a long time from an offence is reported to the police to when the investigation is concluded, and until a penal sanction is given and the sentence served; in some cases, it may take years. Generally, however, the offences that are included in the statistics on offences reported to the police in the same year or subsequently are represented in the statistics on offences investigated, sanctions and imprisonments. The units that are included also differ in the various statistics.
The statistics over investigated offences include all offences that were considered completely investigated during the year. This means that if two offences have been registered in one case, both offences will be included in the statistics when they get a decision with legal efficacy. In the statistics over penal sanctions, on the other hand, only one penal sanction is counted (the principal offence) if several criminal matters are dealt with in the same sentence.
Every decision with legal efficacy made by the courts, for example a sentence on unconditional imprisonment or acquittal, are classified in the statistics over investigated offences as committed for trial. The statistics over penal sanctions show more detailed types of sanctions and includes on-the-spot fine. These are not considered reported and are therefore not investigated by the police and prosecution authorities. They are therefore not included in the statistics over investigated offences.
The statistics over penal sanctions is using other registers than BL/STRASAK/PAL, which the statistics over investigated offences use (see the statistics over Penal sanctions for more information).
The tables below offences reported to the police are therefore not directly comparable to the other crime statistics. For an overall presentation of the crime statistics, see Kriminalitet og rettsvesen 2009 (in Norwegian only).
Other closely related statistics at Statistics Norway are: the Survey of level of living, victims and crime (exposure to violence and theft), Police and prosecution - StatRes (discontinued) and Causes of death (murder) (discontinued, transferred to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health).
Related external statistics
Until 2021 The National Police Directorate (POD) published Kommenterte STRASAK-tall; the police’s report statistics (the individual police districts also publish their own figures for their respective regions), and since 2022 POD and The Higher Prosecuting Authorities publishes the report Straffesaksbehandlingen. These reports also contains figures on percentage of offences solved and time of dealing with cases, based on investigated offences in STRASAK/PAL. These are to be considered as operation statistics for the police and should not be read as the official crime statistics. These statistics are also defined and produced on other criteria and with other groupings than Statistics Norway, and do not have directly comparable figures.
The above statistics and reports are available from the police’s website for numbers and facts.
The Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs investigates cases where employees of the police or prosecuting authority are suspected of committing criminal offences in the course of duty. Offences which are investigated and completed by the Bureau without further prosecution or court proceedings are not included in the data basis for the statistics on offences reported to the police and offences investigated. However, when such cases result in a sanction registered in the Criminal Record Register, they will be included in the statistics on sanctions. Furthermore, such cases are included in the statistics on imprisonments in the same manner as other criminal cases.
The Bureau is an independent body and is not organised as part of the police. The Bureau is administratively under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, and professionally under the Director of Public Prosecutions (which also functions as the body of appeal for cases where prosecution is dropped and other types of prosecution decisions made by the Bureau). In their annual reports, the Bureau publishes statistics on offences reported and investigated over the course of the year.
The Norwegian National Criminal Investigation Services (Kripos) also publishes figures on homicides, but these statistics are counted from another definition of the selection than SSB's statistics over investigated offences (among other things the year of action, not the year of decision with legal efficacy).
The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has the role of data processor for the Cause of Death Registry as from January 1st 2014, and is the publisher of causes of death statistics from the statistical year 2013.
The statistics are developed, produced and disseminated pursuant to Act no. 32 of 21 June 2019 relating to official statistics and Statistics Norway (the Statistics Act).
The statistics is part of the national programme for official statistics, main topic Social conditions, Welfare and Crime, topic Crime and Justice.
The statistics cover all offences completely investigated within the statistical year. The statistics provide information about the type and number of offences, police district, scene of crime, the police decision, and the persons charged at completed investigation. It provides information about the age, sex, citizenship and place of residence, and recidivism of the persons charged. (see descriptions of concepts and variables in Definitions, and estimations in Collection of data revision and estimations).
Violations against the Road Traffic Act and Duty Act in which the sanction is imposed as a on the spot fine, are not covered by the statistics (see instead statistics on Sanctions). Cases reported to and investigated and completed by the Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs are not included in the data basis for the statistics on offences investigated (see Coherence with other statistics under Background).
From 1992 to 2014 the statistics contained both crimes and misdemeanours. For previous years, the statistics is only for offences. The principle division between crimes and misdemeanours has been discontinued in new Penal Code of 2005. The definitions of the population – criminal cases, offences investigated and the offenders are equal before and after this change in 2015 (see under Definitions and Sources of error and uncertainty).
Each offence with a legal decision makes one unit in the basic material. Before 1994/1995 the practice was that several offences could be registered as one (see Comparability over time and space).
From 1991 the data source is completely EDP based and drawn from the central police registration system (STRASAK), which covers all completed investigations of offences recorded by Norway's police districts (BL), as well as special agencies and higher prosecution authorities, as part of the processing of the criminal case. From 2002 the selection is decided in STRASAK, but the actual data extension is done through the police' analysis and management tool (PAL).
The various police districts are, via Kripos, asked to provide information in the cases where Statistics Norway finds logical errors and missing information in the data material. The statistical process includes information from the national register (see Population statistics), and previous volumes of statistics on investigated offences.
Collection of data
The data material is retrieved electronically from the Norwegian Police IT Unit in mid-January. The Norwegian Police IT Unit is responsible for the output of data from STRASAK/PAL. The police and prosecution authority will make subsequent corrections to this caseload after the end of the year, particularly in recently reported cases received immediately before the end of the year. Changes and structural updates in BL/STRASAK/PAL may also be made at the end of the year. The data basis for Statistics Norway is therefore not extracted until about two weeks after the end of the statistics period.
Editing
Editing is defined here as checking, examining and amending data.
The register systems of the police contain some validity controls of data. In addition, Statistics Norway performs its own controls on some of the material. For example, missing information on scene of crime by municipality will be added to the municipality to the degree this is possible based on other information from the data basis.
An overview of all controls and Statistics Norway's processing routines are found in "Statistikk over etterforskede lovbrudd. Dokumentasjon", Notater 1999/52, StatisticsNorway. Validity controls in STRASAK/PAL and Statistics Norway's processing routines are redeveloped as needed, resulting in constant improvement of the data material (see Comparability over time and space for new routines from 2002).
Estimations
Figures are not based on estimations, as the three basic units consists of complete counts of the data from the police registers (for an account of concepts, see Definitions of the main concepts and variables under Definitions):
- All offences completely investigated are counted, with given characteristics (e.g. type of offence, police district and police decision).
- Percentage of offences solved. From the numbers of offences completely investigated the percentage of offences solved are calculated, in total and for each type and group of offence.
- All unique charged person are counted, and the number of these with given characteristics (e.g. sex and age). For persons with more than one offence during the year the principal offence are applied by the use of an indicator of graveness based on maximum and minimum sentence beside other characteristics of the criminal procedure.
- Total number of persons charged in each group of offence (since 2010), with given characteristics (e.g. sex and age).
- All charges against persons with given characteristics (e.g. type of offence, age and sex). Enterprise/organisations are not included.
- Recidivism is counted as charges during the last five statistical years against persons (with full personal identification number) charged in the statistical year prior to these five.
Sex is defined based on two different sources. Where there is a match for personal ID numbers in the Central Population Register, the person`s sex is derived from this source. For all persons who cannot be identified in the Central Population Register (by means of date of birth, personal ID number or name), information about sex registered by the police is used.
Calculations in per cent and per 1 000 inhabitants (5 year and up) are being made by use of number of inhabitants 31'st of December in the statistical year (also for each age group, sex, and geographical area - see Population statistics ). As a general rule, all figures for charged persons per 1 000 population (both total and the whole country) are calculated from the population aged 5 years and over. This is because of the statistical definition of charged persons, with 5 years old as a starting point. When figures per 1 000 population are calculated for the variable offence, however, the population is used as a whole – as it is done for example for the statistics on Offences reported to the police.
Interviewers and everyone who works at Statistics Norway have a duty of confidentiality. Statistics Norway has its own data protection officer.
Statistics Norway does not publish figures where there is a risk of identifying individual data about persons or households.
The suppression method is used in these statistics to ensure this.
More information can be found on Statistics Norway’s website under Methods in official statistics, in the ‘Confidentiality’ section.
The statistics implies particularly sensitive personal information and information on punishable offences considered as extremely sensitive. Statistics Norway administers the data basis for crime statistics with great caution. When releasing statistics showing few units, the protection of privacy is considered on each incident.
There are many factors that can have a bearing on comparability over time and place in the various crime statistics, and a broad explanation of the problem here is given in Kriminalitet og rettsvesen 2009 (in Norwegian only). A few central changes during the last decades can be pointed out:
Introduction of Strasak ca. 1985-1990
Before the 1980s individual forms with data on the crime cases were obtained from police districts and recorded by Statistics Norway. Oslo switched to edp based registration in 1979, followed by the police districts in Agder in 1981. STRASAK was introduced at the various police departments in subsequent years, and by the end of 1991 all districts had switched to electronic registration. A while after STRASAK was introduced at the various police districts, reporting to Statistics Norway was done electronically.
A reorganisation in 1984 entailed that STRASAK cover crimes finally given a legal decision during the statistical year (not completely investigated before a possible trial, as was previously the case). The previous selection criteria were, however, maintained for the police districts that did not report with STRASAK after 1984 (see Sources of error and uncertainty under Sources of error). When departments switched to reporting with STRASAK the selection criteria were changed. Because the selection criteria were different for the various departments, and were changed in conjunction with the transition to electronic reporting by the individual districts, some crimes were counted twice in the period from 1984 up to 1991/1992. The extent of the double registration caused by these transitions is uncertain. Probably there were not many double registrations, but it may have happened with certain serious crime cases where a charge was handed down at the end of the year in question.
New registration practice 1994/1995
Each offence with a legal decision makes one unit in the basic material. This has been the practice since 1994/1995. Before this, only one offence was registered when:
- Several offences were committed in one act against one victim. The most serious offence was registered.
- The same person committed several homogeneous offences over a period of time against one victim.
- One offence was committed as a path-breaker for the other offence.
More offences were, however, registered when an offence was committed to hide another offence, just as the practice since 1994/1995.
STRASAK has been under development for a long time regarding to quality assurance and registration of details. Because of this development the data source of the statistics contains more information than before. The changeover in 1994/1995 to registering all offences is of great importance, and caused an increase in the number of investigated offences in the statistics without there necessarily being more offences investigated.
Reorganisation of Strasak in 2002
As of 1 January 2002, a new structure for the police districts was established, where for one thing the number of police districts was halved. Statistics Norway has as result of this, and the following technical re-adjustments in the central police criminal register system (BL/STRASAK/PAL, from October 2002 included), changed the routines for producing the statistics on offences investigated. News on statistics on offences investigated from 2002 included:
- New police districts replace the previous geographical division. The possibilities of comparing these to statistics on police districts prior to 1 January 2002 are to a great extent restricted.
- Several persons charged without registered and valid official Norwegian reference number are being identified if they have committed more than one offence. This gives a somewhat lower number of persons charged and a higher number of persons charged with more than one offence, for persons committing offences when on a temporarily residence in Norway in particular.
- Statistics on the number of accessories shows to a greater extent the actual number of offenders with who the person charged has committed the offence in cooperation with. This involves a somewhat higher number of accessories than it would have been out of the previous method of surveying these.
- Transfers to Conflict Council are only made available as settlement valid in law only against persons charged over the criminal responsibility age. This involves that the number of transfers to Conflict Council decreases, and that prosecutions dropped, the offender not liable, become correspondingly more.
After a thorough examination of the different data basis and crime statistics, in addition to dialogue with Norwegian Police IT Unit, Statistics Norway is of the opinion that the statistics on offences investigated from 2002 and following, has become fairly comparable to previous years. The police reform, together with the changes made in Statistics Norway's own categories is however of some importance to comparability of the statistics over longer time.
Introduction of the new penal code on 1 October 2015: After the new penal code (Penal Code of 2005) came into effect on 1 October 2015, the raw data from the police registers are changed. There are quite distinct differences in structure, language and content between the Penal Code of 1902 and the Penal Code of 2005, which is even more evident in the corresponding codes used for registering offences in the police’ central registration system. Code connected to both the new and the former penal code is used after 1 October 2015, due to the new legislation not having retroactive effect. Offences may be registered and processed long after they have been committed. This means that the Penal Code of 1902 and 2005 will appear in the data of all crime statistics for many years to come.
Criminal cases with violations of the provisions dating before the introduction of the new penal code (registered by former codes and appellation), will not always be possible to specify and classify in the same way as criminal cases with a violation of a corresponding provision from the Penal Code of 2005. Certain types of offences in Standard for types of offences 2015 will therefore exclusively contain violations of offences stemming from new penal legislation, and mainly consist of offences committed after 1 October 2015. In the standard, these will be indicated with “(from 1.10.2015)” in the classification name. Older offences which cannot be specified in the same way are placed in “other or unspecified” types of offences. The content of the statistics – and the possibilities of doing comparisons on the most detailed levels of the standard – will for certain types of offences therefore be mainly based on offences committed after 1.10.2015. This type of break in the time series will vary over time for the different types of offences, depending on which crime statistics you use. When such breaks in the time series are identified, the general recommendation is to use figures on a more aggregated level, which means less specified figures with a smaller degree of time series break. Se Standard for type of offences 2015 in Klass and the article "The New Crime Statistics" (in Norwegian only).
Other changes
Also other changes have been made, contributing to higher quality of the statistics, and influencing the comparability over time.
National Authority for Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime in Norway (Økokrim) have been included in the statistic since 1995. After The National Criminal Investigation Service (Kripos) also was given prosecuting authority in 2005, the police district category "Special agencies" have been specified in tables, which includes both agencies.
On 1 January 2016, Norwegian police were organised into new regional districts, where 27 police districts were reduced to 12. The internal process of organising the new districts will be executed gradually during the course of 2017 and 2018, but as of year 2016, Statistics Norway will only release statistics by the new police districts in StatBank. The new police districts are mainly organised by a merger of former districts, which at an aggregated level are comparable to the previous organisation of 27 districts. The exemption from this is the former police district of Midtre Hålogaland, which after the new organisation is divided by the county border between new Nordland PD and Troms PD. However, derived from information about owner district by the previous organisation, as well as information about the criminal cases belonging in terms of police branches and scene of crime, Statistics Norway have been able to allocate all criminal cases after the new organisation of police districts. All offences with a branch code for the police stations in Harstad, Iberstad and Salangen have been ascribed to Troms PD as the owner district. Furthermore, offences with a scene of crime in Troms County and with branch codes for Evenes, Tjelsund and Skånland police station, as well as "Joint Operational Unit" (Fellesoperativ enhet) and "Eco Team" (Økoteam), have been ascribed to Troms PD as the owner district. Remaining offences registered with the former Midtre Hålogaland PD as the owner district have been ascribed to Nordland PD. For a complete overview of Police Districts 2016 and previous organisations, including relation to municipalities, see Statistical Classifications and Code Lists.
From 1 January 2020, there have been major changes in the division of counties and municipalities, due to regional reform. The changes are described in this article (only in Norwegian). This also means that the police districts, which in turn consists of a whole number of municipalities, have changed. SeeClassification of county, Classification of municipalities and Classification of Police district.
The principal offence is defined as the offence, which by law carries the longest sentence. Many offences have a broad sentencing framework. Because only the general provisions of the law are taken into account and not the individual differences in the seriousness of the offences, this method could cause the charged person to be grouped under another offence than the most serious one in the specific case. Because three-fourths of the persons charged are charged with only one offence, and the others have a tendency to be arrested for the same type of offence, a relatively limited number of persons charged are classified under another offence than the most serious one.
Offences, in which the police complete the investigation by recommending prosecution, are not included in STRASAK until a legal decision is made. Consequently, it is the offences tried in the courts that come under the "Committed for trial" decision category (see Definitions of the main concepts and variables under Definitions and earlier sections on the transition to a new criterion for selections introduced with STRASAK in the time period from 1984 to 1991).
In the case of offences involving several perpetrators, the police decision can be different for the various persons charged. Tables, in which the offences are grouped by type of decision, show only the decision for one casual chosen of the persons charged (of all offences completely investigated in 2015, 2 per cent involved more than one person charged).
The decision "Transferred to Conflict Council" means that the offence reported to the police and the person charged have been transferred to a conflict council -and that the police and the prosecuting authority have been informed that the council has arrived at a solution. The offences that were transferred but not solved through mediation in the conflict council will get other legal decisions categorized under other types of decisions in the statistics.
The vast majority of offences have only one point of time at which the offence was committed, but for the offences that have taken place over a period of time the age is set according to age at the time of the first offence. In addition, the age of the person charged would always be set according to his or her age at the time of the most serious offence that the person is charged with in the course of the year. In some cases this causes the age of the person charged to be somewhat misleading: Persons under the criminal responsibility age (15) may appear in the statistics as charged and punished. The fact that persons under the age of 15 appear as charged or punished, however, are due to incorrect registration by the police or that the wrong decision was made by the prosecuting authority or court.
Based on experience, incorrect registration is often the reason why persons under the age of 5 are registered as charged. Therefore personal information about persons charged under the age of 5 is removed from the statistics (and the population aged 5 years and up is used to calculate persons charged per 1 000 inhabitants).
An offence can be included as part of the investigation of a complex of cases. This can be the case when a person is investigated for several homogeneous offences against various victims, or when many persons are investigated for one or more offences that have taken place in the same situation. An offence, and the legal decision made, will not be included in the statistics before all of the remaining offences in the complex of cases are legally decided. This entails that some offences are legally decided before the year the offence becomes part of the statistics (in the statistics for 2022, under 5 per cent of offences were decided in a year prior to 2015).
Attempted offences are in most cases punishable. Attempted offences are usually registered as committed offences in the basic material of the statistics. Surveys indicate that the rule previously was followed only exceptionally concerning murder, and that attempted murder up to 1987 was usually recorded as grievous bodily harm. After the introduction and development of STRASAK, attempts at certain types of offences, e.g. attempted murder and attempted rape, have been registered and presented as separate types of offences in the statistics.
Offences dismissed by the police are in the statistics regarded as completely investigated. If such a dismissed offence is solved in a subsequent year, it will count both the year it was dropped and the year it was solved.
Processing of the data at Statistics Norway show that the various police districts make some obviously incorrect entries. Every year there are some cases were corrections are not returned to Statistics Norway. Information from the police districts that make corrections will be more complementing and correct than information from the police departments that do not return corrected lists.
BL/STRASAK contains a large selection of various categories for registering offences and legal decisions (see Definitions of the main concepts and variables under Definitions). As long as valid codes for offences and legal decisions are used, Statistics Norway cannot, by processing the statistics, discover whether the right categories are used. Partial non-response (in that certain variables are not given for some units) occurs, but with the aid of internal controls in STRASAK these are limited to less important variables.
The greatest possibility that incorrect categorization may have occurred in registering offences, is in the statistics on offences reported to the police, and then in particular the more specialized types of offences. Registration of type of offence and legal decision at the end of the investigation are made on a lawyer's evaluation, and therefore considered being more reliable than the registration done at the time of reporting to the police.
See Data sources and sampling under Production.
The crime statistics cover only registered crime, i.e. offences that the police discover or get knowledge of. Police resources and priorities and the tendency of people to report offences to the police, are of great importance to which acts become part of the crime statistics. An unknown number of offences are never registered. Such unregistered offences are usually called missing figures. Various interview surveys on self-reported crime and susceptibility to crime, indicate that unregistered crime is extensive (see Survey of level of living, victims and crime, Statistics Norway). What is registered of crime over time is necessarily also influenced by changes i laws and regulation (see Comparability over time and space under Production). These phenomenons are nonetheless not actual statistical "errors”, but elements that influences it.