Errors have been discovered in the import value of firewood in the period 2024. See (article link). The reason is incorrect use of commodity numbers when customs clearance of goods. The figures will be corrected in StatBank when published on 15 May 2025.
For more information, see the article Korrigerte tall for import av ved.
Statistikk innhold
Statistics about
External trade in goods
The external trade statistics comprise the development in Norway's trade with other countries in terms of value and volume figures. Aggregated as well as detailed imports and exports figures between Norway and partner countries, trade regions and continents are provided.
Selected figures from this statistics
- External trade in goods. Month and so far this yearDownload table as ...External trade in goods. Month and so far this year1
NOK Billion Change in per cent NOK Billion - so far this year Change in per cent - so far this year February 2025 January 2025 - February 2025 February 2024 - February 2025 February 2025 February 2024 - February 2025 Exports 169.8 -4.3 29.1 347.3 24.2 Crude oil 40.3 -11.9 1.3 86.0 1.4 Natural gas 64.2 -7.2 85.4 133.4 69.2 Ships and oil platforms 0.0 . -100.0 0.0 -100.0 Mainland exports 64.8 4.0 15.6 127.1 10.9 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and prep. thereof 13.6 -7.4 7.2 28.2 10.5 Imports 85.2 2.2 8.7 168.5 5.1 Ships and oil platforms 0.0 -50.0 -94.8 0.1 -98.0 The trade balance 84.7 -10.0 59.2 178.8 49.8 The mainland trade balance -20.3 3.0 6.6 -41.3 -0.1 1Due to the data collection method, the preliminary monthly figures published for ships and oil platforms are often incomplete. In retrospect, therefore, the trade in these goods could in some cases lead to major corrections in the figures. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Imports of goods, main groups by SITC. Month and so far this yearDownload table as ...Imports of goods, main groups by SITC. Month and so far this year1
NOK Million Change in per cent NOK Million Change in per cent February 2024 February 2025 February 2024 -February 2025 So far this year February 2024 -February 2025 February 2024 February 2025 Total 78 364 85 163 8.7 160 283 168 513 5.1 Of which: Ships and oil platforms (part of SITC 793) 554 29 -94.8 4 403 88 -98.0 Imports excl. Ships and oil platforms 77 809 85 133 9.4 155 881 168 425 8.0 0 Food and live animals 5 907 6 411 8.5 12 339 13 767 11.6 00 Live animals other than animals of div.03 17 16 -4.4 27 32 19.0 01 Meat and meat preparations 141 155 9.6 314 323 3.1 02 Dairy products and birds' eggs 229 219 -4.0 439 450 2.5 03 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and prep. thereof 628 499 -20.6 1 531 1 719 12.3 04 Cereals and cereal preparations 956 849 -11.2 1 834 1 692 -7.8 05 Vegetables and fruit 1 512 1 716 13.5 3 031 3 377 11.4 06 Sugars, sugar prepatations and honey 270 253 -6.4 532 513 -3.6 07 Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices 534 857 60.7 1 155 1 828 58.3 08 Feeding stuff for animals (not cereals) 984 1 088 10.6 2 176 2 335 7.3 09 Miscellaneous edible products 637 760 19.3 1 301 1 498 15.2 1 Beverages and tobacco 1 301 1 184 -9.0 2 321 2 291 -1.3 11 Beverages 803 835 4.0 1 474 1 566 6.2 12 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures 498 348 -30.1 847 725 -14.4 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 4 503 5 558 23.4 9 456 12 524 32.4 21 Hides, skins and furskins, raw 10 3 -66.7 15 8 -43.4 22 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits 270 261 -3.3 519 682 31.3 23 Crude rubber 7 7 1.5 14 16 21.3 24 Wood, lumber and cork 418 454 8.7 836 908 8.6 25 Pulp and waste paper 51 51 -1.5 148 108 -27.3 26 Textile fibres and their waste 17 20 20.6 30 35 17.2 27 Crude fertilizers and crude minerales 748 575 -23.2 1 339 1 205 -10.0 28 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap 2 681 3 788 41.3 6 002 8 831 47.1 29 Crude animal and vegetable materials 302 400 32.4 553 729 32.0 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 4 910 4 161 -15.3 10 903 9 572 -12.2 32 Coal, coke and briquettes 324 284 -12.5 699 746 6.6 33 Petroleum, petroleum products 3 818 3 323 -13.0 8 215 7 817 -4.8 334 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude); preparations, n.e.s., containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparation 3 528 2 225 -36.9 6 645 5 583 -16.0 34 Gas , natural and manufactured 102 291 185.0 243 465 91.1 342 Liquefied propane and butane 80 270 236.3 164 358 117.8 35 Electric current 666 262 -60.6 1 745 545 -68.8 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 1 420 918 -35.4 2 488 2 502 0.6 41 Animal oils and fats 889 230 -74.1 1 416 1 077 -24.0 42 Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated 503 549 9.2 964 1 166 21.0 43 Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed 29 140 387.6 108 259 138.9 5 Chemicals and related products n.e.s. 9 716 9 373 -3.5 19 149 18 420 -3.8 51 Organic chemicals 1 094 1 029 -6.0 2 367 2 146 -9.3 52 Inorganic chemicals 828 1 162 40.3 1 906 1 933 1.4 53 Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials 353 409 15.9 687 765 11.3 54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 2 889 2 703 -6.4 5 748 5 555 -3.4 55 Essential oils and resinoids etc 1 179 1 235 4.7 2 367 2 437 2.9 56 Fertilizers 470 476 1.2 800 725 -9.3 57 Plastics in primary forms 557 579 4.1 1 061 1 153 8.7 58 Plastics in non-primary forms 705 707 0.2 1 332 1 374 3.1 59 Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. 1 640 1 073 -34.6 2 881 2 333 -19.0 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 11 041 12 061 9.2 21 134 22 965 8.7 61 Leather, leather manufactures, furskins 54 24 -55.4 98 53 -46.1 62 Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. 684 694 1.4 1 193 1 316 10.3 63 Cork and wood manufactures 697 742 6.5 1 380 1 457 5.5 64 Paper, paperboard and manufactures thereof 862 854 -0.8 1 745 1 778 1.9 65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles 872 927 6.4 1 678 1 832 9.2 66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. 980 1 000 2.0 1 838 2 062 12.2 67 Iron and steel 2 118 2 724 28.6 4 489 5 042 12.3 68 Non-ferrous metals 1 116 1 112 -0.3 2 110 2 163 2.5 69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 3 658 3 984 8.9 6 602 7 261 10.0 7 Machinery and transport equipment 28 544 33 025 15.7 60 972 62 332 2.2 71 Power generating machinery and equipment 1 596 1 962 22.9 3 265 3 628 11.1 72 Machinery for special industries 3 463 2 812 -18.8 6 109 5 230 -14.4 73 Metal working machinery 236 264 11.7 540 492 -8.9 74 General industrial machinery and equipment 4 669 5 176 10.9 8 680 9 579 10.4 75 Office machines, data processing machines 1 854 3 150 70.0 5 191 6 096 17.4 76 Telecommunications apparatus and equipment 2 555 2 988 16.9 5 732 6 305 10.0 77 Electrical machinery and apparatus 5 306 5 666 6.8 10 311 11 282 9.4 78 Road vehicles 7 285 7 597 4.3 13 164 14 863 12.9 781 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons 3 511 3 601 2.5 5 872 7 613 29.7 79 Other transport equipment including ships 1 580 3 411 115.9 7 981 4 856 -39.2 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 10 882 12 297 13.0 21 278 23 784 11.8 81 Prefabricated buildings 824 772 -6.3 1 475 1 474 -0.1 82 Furniture and parts thereof 1 528 1 670 9.3 2 921 3 219 10.2 83 Travel goods, handbags etc. 253 238 -5.7 465 492 5.9 84 Articles of apparel and accessories 2 200 2 312 5.1 4 437 4 827 8.8 85 Footwear 582 670 15.0 1 126 1 313 16.6 87 Professional and scientific instruments 2 034 2 188 7.5 3 995 4 279 7.1 88 Photographic and optical goods 374 415 11.0 707 838 18.6 89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s 3 087 4 033 30.6 6 152 7 341 19.3 9 Other commodities and transactions 140 175 25.3 244 357 46.2 91 Postal packages not classified according to kind 0 0 . 0 0 . 93 Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind 68 72 5.8 125 143 13.9 96 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender 5 5 1.7 5 6 21.1 97 Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold, ores and concentrates) 67 99 46.5 113 208 83.0 1Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 4 (SITC, Rev. 4) Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Exports of goods, main groups by SITC. Month and so far this yearDownload table as ...Exports of goods, main groups by SITC. Month and so far this year1
NOK Million Change in per cent NOK Million Change in per cent February 2024 February 2025 February 2024 -February 2025 So far this year February 2024 -February 2025 February 2024 February 2025 Total 131 559 169 824 29.1 279 613 347 287 24.2 Of which: Crude oil (part of SITC 333) 39 736 40 263 1.3 84 775 85 968 1.4 Natural gas (SITC 343) 34 643 64 222 85.4 78 863 133 398 69.2 Natural gas condensates (part of SITC 333) 471 543 15.3 703 801 13.9 Ships and oil platforms (part of SITC 793) 666 0 -100.0 666 0 -100.0 Mainland exports 56 042 64 796 15.6 114 606 127 121 10.9 0 Food and live animals 13 513 14 557 7.7 27 326 30 131 10.3 00 Live animals other than animals of div.03 4 12 198.2 9 20 106.9 01 Meat and meat preparations 32 37 17.4 61 74 21.3 02 Dairy products and birds' eggs 28 21 -26.6 44 42 -3.9 03 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and prep. thereof 12 666 13 578 7.2 25 552 28 234 10.5 04 Cereals and cereal preparations 82 91 11.2 152 181 18.8 05 Vegetables and fruit 26 28 7.9 46 54 16.1 06 Sugars, sugar prepatations and honey 5 2 -50.3 10 8 -16.0 07 Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices 50 57 13.4 104 114 9.7 08 Feeding stuff for animals (not cereals) 347 393 13.1 783 767 -2.0 09 Miscellaneous edible products 272 338 24.1 565 637 12.8 1 Beverages and tobacco 127 89 -30.3 212 197 -6.7 11 Beverages 125 88 -29.5 209 195 -6.8 12 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures 2 0 -91.0 3 3 -0.1 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 2 562 2 535 -1.1 4 819 5 125 6.4 21 Hides, skins and furskins, raw 42 28 -33.7 91 56 -37.7 22 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits 0 1 597.9 1 2 36.8 23 Crude rubber 6 4 -38.2 10 11 12.1 24 Wood, lumber and cork 652 785 20.5 1 223 1 519 24.2 25 Pulp and waste paper 402 375 -6.5 774 766 -1.1 26 Textile fibres and their waste 21 23 8.8 44 50 14.3 27 Crude fertilizers and crude minerales 459 435 -5.1 856 874 2.0 28 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap 913 848 -7.1 1 711 1 768 3.4 29 Crude animal and vegetable materials 67 35 -47.8 109 80 -26.7 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 83 095 114 724 38.1 182 838 239 305 30.9 32 Coal, coke and briquettes 0 0 . 1 0 -97.7 33 Petroleum, petroleum products 44 885 45 367 1.1 96 276 95 985 -0.3 334 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude); preparations, n.e.s., containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparation 4 644 4 527 -2.5 10 709 9 113 -14.9 34 Gas , natural and manufactured 36 635 66 122 80.5 83 270 137 369 65.0 342 Liquefied propane and butane 1 774 1 683 -5.1 4 033 3 660 -9.2 35 Electric current 1 575 3 235 105.4 3 291 5 951 80.9 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 492 439 -10.8 944 972 2.9 41 Animal oils and fats 269 206 -23.4 497 399 -19.6 42 Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated 43 103 141.5 113 202 79.0 43 Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed 181 131 -27.9 335 370 10.7 5 Chemicals and related products n.e.s. 6 752 6 867 1.7 13 931 14 717 5.6 51 Organic chemicals 1 130 1 401 23.9 2 503 3 124 24.8 52 Inorganic chemicals 1 022 1 079 5.6 2 064 2 031 -1.6 53 Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials 176 252 43.1 362 475 31.3 54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 1 306 1 086 -16.8 2 655 2 266 -14.7 55 Essential oils and resinoids etc 230 287 24.8 467 596 27.7 56 Fertilizers2 : : : : : : 57 Plastics in primary forms 737 647 -12.2 1 464 1 459 -0.4 58 Plastics in non-primary forms 217 159 -26.5 386 330 -14.6 59 Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. 1 935 1 957 1.1 4 030 4 436 10.1 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 10 458 11 459 9.6 21 680 22 982 6.0 61 Leather, leather manufactures, furskins 12 8 -34.2 24 18 -26.3 62 Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. 92 113 23.5 234 217 -7.3 63 Cork and wood manufactures 210 231 10.1 397 480 20.9 64 Paper, paperboard and manufactures thereof 543 582 7.2 1 090 1 261 15.7 65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles 253 226 -10.7 498 475 -4.6 66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. 209 208 -0.5 443 430 -2.9 67 Iron and steel 2 028 1 530 -24.6 3 892 3 372 -13.4 68 Non-ferrous metals 6 179 7 692 24.5 13 324 14 802 11.1 69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 932 867 -6.9 1 777 1 926 8.4 7 Machinery and transport equipment 10 971 14 893 35.7 20 797 25 378 22.0 71 Power generating machinery and equipment 1 337 1 123 -16.0 2 166 2 037 -5.9 72 Machinery for special industries 1 203 1 264 5.0 2 390 2 683 12.3 73 Metal working machinery 58 69 19.7 161 138 -14.4 74 General industrial machinery and equipment 2 610 2 232 -14.5 5 087 4 647 -8.6 75 Office machines, data processing machines 539 383 -29.1 1 068 762 -28.7 76 Telecommunications apparatus and equipment 819 1 054 28.7 1 546 1 994 29.0 77 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1 995 2 950 47.8 4 076 5 055 24.0 78 Road vehicles 1 159 1 264 9.1 2 379 2 540 6.8 79 Other transport equipment including ships 1 250 4 554 264.2 1 924 5 522 187.0 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 3 410 3 927 15.2 6 755 7 972 18.0 81 Prefabricated buildings 191 178 -6.7 401 427 6.6 82 Furniture and parts thereof 305 345 13.3 603 646 7.2 83 Travel goods, handbags etc. 21 19 -13.1 43 42 -0.1 84 Articles of apparel and accessories 252 219 -13.0 521 500 -4.0 85 Footwear 65 62 -3.9 139 147 5.9 87 Professional and scientific instruments 1 536 1 632 6.3 3 008 3 209 6.7 88 Photographic and optical goods 48 26 -45.4 78 64 -17.9 89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s 992 1 445 45.7 1 963 2 935 49.5 9 Other commodities and transactions 179 334 86.4 311 509 63.7 91 Postal packages not classified according to kind 0 0 . 0 0 . 93 Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind 1 2 62.4 5 2 -54.0 96 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender 0 0 1 568.8 0 2 392.3 97 Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold, ores and concentrates) 178 332 86.4 306 505 65.3 1Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 4 (SITC, Rev. 4) 2Due to confidentiality in commodity group 56, this group can not be published separately. This group is included in group 59. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Mainland exports by county of production, commodity groups by the SITC. Year. NOK millionDownload table as ...Mainland exports by county of production, commodity groups by the SITC. Year. NOK million1 2
2024 Total mainland exports Distribution by the SITC Food, beverages and tobacco (SITC 0 and 1) Fish (subgroup 03 of SITC 0) Crude materials except fuels (SITC 2 and 4) Fuels (SITC 3) Chemicals and related products n.e.s (SITC 5) Manufactured goods (SITC 6) Machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7) Miscellanous manufactured articles (SITC 8) The whole country 708 902 181 725 168 103 37 687 100 699 80 238 128 683 132 498 47 372 County of production Viken (2020-2023) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oslo 24 921 1 208 215 1 885 7 13 931 993 5 395 1 503 Innlandet 16 863 1 064 693 2 290 20 617 2 605 5 764 4 503 Agder 40 036 1 040 915 972 1 3 190 29 742 4 625 466 Rogaland 52 828 8 815 7 287 3 982 18 411 1 692 12 245 6 253 1 429 Vestland 140 754 35 813 34 011 3 816 59 313 3 184 22 785 13 623 2 220 Møre og Romsdal 63 880 35 809 33 041 3 062 2 2 563 14 805 5 433 2 205 Trøndelag - Trööndelage 44 341 27 335 26 519 2 079 45 5 583 3 966 2 786 2 548 Nordland - Nordlánnda 49 033 28 928 28 529 2 401 0 : 12 480 : 95 Troms og Finnmark - Romsa ja Finnmárku (2020-2023) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Svalbard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jan Mayen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Norwegian goods produced in several counties 39 217 9 505 9 417 7 976 20 320 89 180 743 404 Re-exports of goods produced abroad3 99 915 2 579 1 267 1 240 1 172 4 171 11 600 60 103 19 050 County not stated4 21 453 2 999 2 101 1 242 9 1 305 2 494 9 050 4 353 1 2Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 4 (SITC, Rev. 4 3County of production is defined as the county for the major value added. When the exports consists of a mix of goods from different counties, and the county of production is hard to state, the definition Norwegian goods produced in several counties is used. In the case when the value of an imported intermediate good is more than doubled, the good is considered as produced in Norway. In the opposite it is considered as exports of goods produced abroad. 4County not stated implies no information about county of production is available. 12 July 2024: Table 10482 in StatBank has been updated with new figures for the years 2022 and 2023. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Imports and exports of goods, by trade areas, continents and selected countries. Year. NOK MillionDownload table as ...Imports and exports of goods, by trade areas, continents and selected countries. Year. NOK Million1
2024 Exports Imports Trade balance Total 1 805 403 1 060 663 744 740 Trade areas Nordic countries 288 348 191 367 96 981 EFTA 15 502 14 874 628 EU1 1 193 750 579 436 614 314 OECD 1 547 324 646 263 901 062 Developing countries 128 374 245 261 -116 887 LDC - least developed countries 4 947 8 371 -3 424 Continents and countries Europe 1 572 227 665 581 906 646 Belgium 94 166 22 511 71 655 Denmark 88 534 45 867 42 667 Estonia 2 920 7 021 -4 101 Finland 60 692 26 394 34 298 France 112 425 29 862 82 563 Greece 11 490 1 990 9 499 Ireland 6 602 6 549 53 Iceland 10 561 4 129 6 432 Italy 27 742 33 305 -5 563 Lithuania 18 925 12 191 6 734 Netherlands 191 849 49 288 142 561 Poland 105 646 36 995 68 651 Portugal 9 784 4 112 5 672 Romania 7 338 7 006 332 Russia 735 2 414 -1 679 Slovakia 1 412 4 127 -2 715 Spain 25 446 23 624 1 822 United Kingdom 339 064 49 944 289 119 Switzerland 4 938 10 664 -5 727 Sweden 125 090 112 905 12 185 Czechia 3 612 15 390 -11 778 Türkiye 13 322 11 646 1 676 Germany 280 672 112 762 167 910 Hungary 3 814 10 267 -6 453 Austria 4 031 7 273 -3 241 Other countries in Europe 21 417 17 345 4 072 Asia 111 044 226 452 -115 408 Hong Kong 2 983 1 586 1 397 India 3 987 9 277 -5 290 Japan 8 781 19 665 -10 884 China 42 180 128 431 -86 251 Malaysia 2 368 4 711 -2 343 Singapore 5 529 7 829 -2 300 South Korea 13 573 7 447 6 126 Taiwan 2 434 8 309 -5 876 Thailand 5 568 6 628 -1 060 Viet Nam 4 909 12 162 -7 252 Other countries in Asia 18 732 20 407 -1 675 Northern, Central America and the Caribbean 76 142 112 400 -36 258 Canada 8 983 20 342 -11 359 United States of America 61 756 82 677 -20 921 Other countries in North- and Central America 5 403 9 381 -3 978 South America 16 352 34 440 -18 088 Brazil 11 326 22 069 -10 743 Chile 2 639 4 243 -1 604 Peru 208 2 802 -2 594 Other countries in South-America 2 179 5 326 -3 147 Africa 25 078 17 822 7 256 Angola 4 077 417 3 660 Botswana 1 130 -129 South Africa 1 260 5 012 -3 752 Other countries in Africa 19 740 12 263 7 477 Oceania 4 560 3 968 592 Australia 3 923 2 780 1 143 New Zealand 431 484 -52 Other countries in Oceania 206 704 -498 1Figures for EU is without Great Britain from February 2020 on. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Imports and exports of goods (imports excl. ships and oil platforms and mainland exports), by trade areas, continents and selected countries. Year. NOK MillionDownload table as ...Imports and exports of goods (imports excl. ships and oil platforms and mainland exports), by trade areas, continents and selected countries. Year. NOK Million
2024 Mainland exports Imports excluding ships and oil platforms Trade balance Total 708 902 1 047 282 -338 380 Trade areas Nordic countries 136 910 189 124 -52 214 EFTA 15 500 14 852 648 EU1 405 530 577 544 -172 014 OECD 480 913 642 872 -161 959 Developing countries 109 808 238 723 -128 914 LDC - least developed countries 4 947 7 620 -2 673 Continents and countries Europe 497 859 660 832 -162 973 Belgium 22 690 22 493 197 Denmark 45 021 45 819 -797 Estonia 2 920 7 021 -4 101 Finland 11 238 26 394 -15 157 France 20 784 29 862 -9 078 Greece 2 183 1 990 192 Ireland 6 602 6 477 125 Iceland 10 559 4 107 6 452 Italy 16 253 33 305 -17 052 Lithuania 7 121 12 181 -5 059 Netherlands 67 651 49 288 18 363 Poland 34 237 36 995 -2 758 Portugal 7 496 4 112 3 385 Romania 4 198 7 006 -2 808 Russia 735 2 414 -1 679 Slovakia 1 412 4 127 -2 715 Spain 19 969 23 624 -3 655 United Kingdom 58 333 49 944 8 389 Switzerland 4 938 10 664 -5 727 Sweden 66 726 111 161 -44 435 Czechia 3 612 15 390 -11 778 Türkiye 7 972 10 169 -2 197 Germany 50 762 112 762 -62 000 Hungary 3 814 10 267 -6 453 Austria 4 031 7 273 -3 241 Other countries in Europe 16 602 15 987 615 Asia 96 675 219 265 -122 590 Hong Kong 2 710 1 586 1 124 India 3 987 9 277 -5 290 Japan 8 781 19 665 -10 884 China 29 783 125 021 -95 238 Malaysia 2 368 4 711 -2 343 Singapore 5 529 4 258 1 271 South Korea 12 373 7 447 4 926 Taiwan 2 434 8 309 -5 876 Thailand 5 568 6 628 -1 060 Viet Nam 4 909 12 162 -7 252 Other countries in Asia 18 233 20 201 -1 968 Northern, Central America and the Caribbean 70 025 112 400 -42 375 Canada 5 559 20 342 -14 782 United States of America 59 743 82 677 -22 934 Other countries in North- and Central America 4 723 9 381 -4 658 South America 15 096 34 440 -19 344 Brazil 11 326 22 069 -10 743 Chile 1 383 4 243 -2 860 Peru 208 2 802 -2 594 Other countries in South America 2 179 5 326 -3 147 Africa 24 793 17 071 7 723 Angola 4 077 417 3 660 Botswana 1 130 -129 South Africa 1 260 5 012 -3 752 Other countries in Africa -2 277 11 512 7 944 Oceania 4 454 3 275 1 179 Australia 3 923 2 780 1 143 New Zealand 431 484 -52 Other countries in Oceania 100 11 89 1Figures for EU is without Great Britain from February 2020 on. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Export of fish, by species. YearDownload table as ...Export of fish, by species. Year1
Million NOK Change in per cent 2023 2024 2023 - 2024 Total 165 246 168 103 1.7 Salmon2 122 270 122 569 0.2 Cod 12 261 11 718 -4.4 Herring 4 034 4 239 5.1 Mackerel 6 656 8 294 24.6 Coalfish 3 960 3 717 -6.1 Haddock 1 704 1 659 -2.6 Trout 5 497 6 769 23.1 Shrimps3 : : : Halibut 1 406 1 343 -4.5 Ling 459 436 -5.0 Cusk 306 251 -18.0 Redfish 786 854 8.7 Other fish 2 616 2 710 3.6 Other crustacean/ mollusc 3 292 3 544 7.7 1Within the SITC classification group 03 'Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates', Statistics Norway has grouped everything by species based on the product groups in the HS nomenclature. Some discrepancies may occur since not all product groups are specified by species. The group 'Other fish' is the sum of the remaining product groups under SITC 03. 2Salmon contains more than the weekly figures of exports of salmon, fillets and other prepared salmon is also included. 3Due to confidentiality in group “Shrimps” from 2013 on, exports in this group can not be published separately. This group is therefore included in commodity group “Other crustaceous animals except shrimps and mollusk”. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - First revision of yearly figures of imports and exports. Commodity groups by SITCDownload table as ...First revision of yearly figures of imports and exports. Commodity groups by SITC1
2023 Imports Exports NOK Million Change in per cent NOK Million Change in per cent TOTAL 1 024 276 0.4 1 881 134 0.4 Of which: Crude oil 12 229 0.0 538 069 2.5 Natural gas, whether or not liquefied 455 0.0 627 945 -0.9 Natural gas condensates 569 2.4 5 320 0.0 Ships and oil platforms 11 512 24.3 3 099 58.3 Goods excl. ships and oil platforms 1 012 764 -0.1 1 878 0.4 Mainland exports . . 706 701 0.0 0 Food and live animals 74 376 0.0 178 088 -0.2 00 Live animals other than animals of div.03 258 0.0 138 0.0 01 Meat and meat preparations 1 886 0.0 356 -0.3 02 Dairy products and birds' eggs 2 463 0.0 227 -0.1 03 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and prep. thereof 6 595 0.0 165 246 -0.1 04 Cereals and cereal preparations 9 457 -0.1 817 -0.5 05 Vegetables and fruit 17 517 0.0 325 0.0 06 Sugars, sugar prepatations and honey 2 988 0.0 63 -0.6 07 Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices 6 872 -0.1 636 -8.2 08 Feeding stuff for animals (not cereals) 18 578 0.2 7 118 -1.0 09 Miscellaneous edible products 7 760 0.1 3 161 -2.6 1 Beverages and tobacco 15 561 -0.2 1 201 -2.4 11 Beverages 10 611 0.0 1 179 -2.4 12 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures 4 950 -0.6 22 -0.3 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 68 668 0.0 28 960 0.2 21 Hides, skins and furskins, raw 62 0.0 356 0.0 22 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits 3 136 0.1 6 0.0 23 Crude rubber 187 -0.1 70 0.0 24 Wood, lumber and cork 5 445 0.0 6 659 0.0 25 Pulp and waste paper 546 0.0 3 923 -0.1 26 Textile fibres and their waste 164 -2.1 324 0.0 27 Crude fertilizers and crude minerales 6 708 0.1 6 516 1.1 28 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap 48 525 0.0 10 649 0.0 29 Crude animal and vegetable materials 3 895 0.0 458 0.4 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 89 204 0.0 1 287 417 0.6 32 Coal, coke and briquettes 5 327 0.0 91 913.9 33 Petroleum, petroleum products 73 785 0.0 612 883 2.2 334 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude); preparations, n.e.s., containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparation 54 940 0.0 68 699 0.0 34 Gas , natural and manufactured 1 835 0.0 647 107 -0.8 342 Liquefied propane and butane 1 347 0.0 17 721 0.7 35 Electric current 8 258 0.0 27 336 0.0 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 17 541 0.0 5 595 0.0 41 Animal oils and fats 9 799 0.0 3 193 0.0 42 Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated 7 241 0.0 849 -0.1 43 Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed 501 0.4 1 553 -0.2 5 Chemicals and related products n.e.s. 109 621 0.0 83 085 -0.1 51 Organic chemicals 12 534 -0.2 18 171 0.1 52 Inorganic chemicals 11 307 0.0 15 120 0.2 53 Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials 4 668 0.0 2 109 0.0 54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 29 498 0.1 11 178 0.0 55 Essential oils and resinoids etc 12 661 0.1 2 849 -0.1 56 Fertilizers2 5 609 0.0 : : 57 Plastics in primary forms 6 685 -0.1 8 803 0.0 58 Plastics in non-primary forms 9 001 0.0 2 573 0.0 59 Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. 17 657 0.0 8 082 0.0 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 131 512 0.0 130 804 -1.9 61 Leather, leather manufactures, furskins 554 0.0 127 0.0 62 Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. 7 545 0.0 1 212 -0.3 63 Cork and wood manufactures 9 237 0.0 2 320 0.0 64 Paper, paperboard and manufactures thereof 10 575 0.0 7 244 -0.1 65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles 10 898 0.0 2 918 -0.1 66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. 12 898 0.0 2 582 -0.3 67 Iron and steel 22 822 0.0 20 814 -0.4 68 Non-ferrous metals 12 664 0.0 82 100 0.0 69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 44 318 0.0 11 488 -17.7 7 Machinery and transport equipment 380 671 0.3 120 121 3.1 71 Power generating machinery and equipment 17 377 0.0 12 395 0.0 72 Machinery for special industries 39 015 -0.3 14 883 0.1 73 Metal working machinery 3 233 -0.4 824 -0.6 74 General industrial machinery and equipment 56 268 -0.1 22 953 -0.1 75 Office machines, data processing machines 24 580 0.0 6 037 0.0 76 Telecommunications apparatus and equipment 35 606 0.0 9 595 -0.1 77 Electrical machinery and apparatus 64 563 -0.1 24 904 10.9 78 Road vehicles 112 176 -0.2 17 395 0.0 79 Other transport equipment including ships 27 854 5.3 11 135 12.1 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 134 770 -0.1 44 012 -0.1 81 Prefabricated buildings 10 354 -0.2 2 238 0.0 82 Furniture and parts thereof 19 226 0.0 3 728 0.0 83 Travel goods, handbags etc. 2 899 0.0 290 0.0 84 Articles of apparel and accessories 26 654 -0.1 3 030 -0.1 85 Footwear 7 328 0.0 839 -0.1 87 Professional and scientific instruments 23 367 -0.2 18 512 -0.5 88 Photographic and optical goods 4 471 0.0 448 -0.5 89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s 40 471 -0.1 14 927 0.2 9 Other commodities and transactions 2 354 0.0 1 852 0.0 91 Postal packages not classified according to kind 0 0.0 0 0.0 93 Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind 1 292 0.0 56 0.0 96 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender 55 0.0 3 0.0 97 Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold, ores and concentrates) 1 006 0.0 1 793 0.0 1 2Due to confidentiality commodity group 56 is included in commodity group 59. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ...
Norwegian import and export - all countries and commodity numbers 1988-2024.
Complete datasets corresponding to Statbank table 08801 for download as CSV.
About the statistics
The information under «About the statistics» was last updated 28 June 2024.
Imports and exports
Imports comprise mainly foreign manufactured goods entering Norway. This can also include re-importation of originally Norwegian-produced goods and processed goods. Exports comprise domestically produced goods sent out of Norway, i.e. the Norwegian statistical territory as defined in Section of population. Also included are reexportation of originally foreign-produced goods and processed goods.
Trade in goods is based on the physical movement of goods across borders, but for some items, such as ships, oil platforms and aircraft, trading often takes place without the occurrence of such movement. Whether there has been an import or export of such goods is therefore determined based on whether a change in economic ownership has taken place cf. also described in the Section of population. Economic ownership is defined as the person entitled to claim the economic benefit and who has the legal responsibility for the risk of the item.
Mainland exports
As from March 2013, the statistics on external trade in goods will use the term mainland exports on the exportation of goods other than crude oil, natural gas, natural gas condensates, ships and oil platforms. Previously, we also used the term traditional goods for these exports, as well as for imports excluding ships and oil platforms. (Balance of payments and the research department still use the term traditional goods. The balance of payments also includes items such as naphtha, propane and butane in its collective term crude oil and natural gas, external trade in goods does not.)
Country
Country of origin is used for imports. With regard to exports, the country of destination is used.
For raw materials, the country of origin is determined according to where the goods are produced. For manufactured goods (processed and refined goods), this is the country in which the goods have obtained the form they have at the time of import. The country of destination is defined as the country, which, on the date of export, is the last known country for which the goods are intended.
For more specific principles in relation to country of origin, the rule for ships, aircraft and oil platforms is that country of origin is the country that previously owned the goods (economic ownership). For Norwegian-produced goods sold abroad and subsequently bought in Norway, the country from which the goods are imported shall be given as the country of origin (manufacturing country).
Mode of transport
Mode of transport is defined as the means of transportation used when goods cross the border, either by import or export (in the Database for Standard Classifications there is a detailed description of mode of transport).
Quantity
For most goods, the quantity is expressed in kilograms (weight excluding packaging), except for ships and electricity, which are measured by gross tonnes and kWh respectively. However, for many goods, the quantity is also available in a different unit of measurement, such as pieces, barrels, cubic metres, carat, litres, pairs etc.
Statistical value
Statistical value is the value when crossing the Norwegian border. Duties, VAT and other taxes are not included in the statistical value.
Upon import, the value should be set to the CIF (Cost Insurance Freight) value, i.e. the value of the goods at the Norwegian border, including the costs associated with the delivery of goods to the border, transport costs and insurance. Similarly, for exports it is the value at the Norwegian border, including the costs associated with transporting it there, called FOB (Free On Board) value. CIF and FOB are two types of delivery terms called Incoterms. The delivery terms are an agreement between buyer and seller as to who bears the risk, responsibility and cost of transportation of the goods to the agreed place. In the Database for Standard Classifications there is an overview of the different delivery terms.
For crude oil exported by ship directly from installations on the Norwegian continental shelf, the value upon departure from the installation is used. In the case of crude oil and natural gas that is piped abroad, this value is determined based onon when it leaves the Norwegian continental shelf. The value of transport in international waters and into a terminal abroad is regarded as export of services.
The statistical value of exports and imports of ships is the transfer value including takeover of debt. With regard toto fish landed abroad (exported) by Norwegian vessels and caught outside the Norwegian customs border, the statistical value is the value of the fish paid to the fishing operator upon the sale of stock (minus the sales organisation fee).
County of production
The county of production is defined as the county in which the added value is greatest.
Classification of goods
The classification by HS (the international customs and statistics nomenclature, the Harmonized System) is a 6-digit grouping of goods organised primarily according to the material characteristics of goods at the time of crossing the border. Only in exceptional cases is the later use of the goods of any significance to the classification. The WCO (World Customs Organization) is responsible for this nomenclature.
The Norwegian customs tariff is based on the HS, but has two more digits, which are national codes. The 7th digit reflects national customs divisions/tariff rates (bound in the WTO - World Trade Organization). The 8th digit is used to cover the national statistical needs and and among others the interests of the Norwegian Agricultural Authority and Ministry of Foreign Affairs interests with regard to import and export regulations. In some cases, the 8th digit is also used to distinguish between goods subject to duties and/or fees. The Norwegian version is published annually on our website along with a text version of the nomenclature developed by Statistics Norway. The detailed commodity list, which includes all commodity numbers, also provides information about the validity of each commodity number.
Due to technological developments and changes in international trade, the HS nomenclature is normally updated every 5 years – with the most recent implementation on 1 January 2012. In addition, minor changes are made in the Norwegian customs tariff every year. The EU also uses the nomenclature of the HS in its publication of foreign trade figures. However, the EU version (available at Eurostat's website); the Combined Nomenclature (CN) - which also has eight digits - is more detailed than the Norwegian version. As mentioned previously, only the first 6 digits are common internationally.
When publishing external trade figures, the UN Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) is mainly used. Here the goods are grouped by level of processing (raw materials, semi-finished and finished goods). As from 1988 to 2006, the SITC-Rev.3 (unstats.un.org) is used, but as of 2007 the SITC-Rev. 4 (available at unstats.un.org as PDF) is used.
The classification BEC (Broad Economic Categories) (at unstats.un.org); the UN classification of commodities by end use, which is based on the SITC, is also used to some extent. This classification is not considered to be a "standard classification" in the same way as for example the SITC, and it is officially acknowledged that countries may have their own version of this grouping in order to satisfy national needs. The Norwegian version of this classification can be found in the Database for Standard Classifications.
The various nomenclatures are listed on the UN’s website, as well as correspondence tables between the different nomenclatures HS, SITC and BEC and their different versions.
The product classification CPA divides goods by industry group, and in external trade we use extracts from this. CPA (Statistical Classification of Productivity by Activity in the European Community) is the EU's central Product by Activity classification. It is a product group that is closely linked to industry, i.e. distinctive products within each activity can be linked to the activity classification NACE Rev.2.
Grouping by country
The Norwegian list of countries used follows the international standard ISO-3166. EU countries use the same standard, except for some deviations of less importance.
In the external trade publications these country groupings are frequently used:
- Nordic countries - trade with Sweden, Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Finland, Åland and Iceland
- EFTA - trade with Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. European Free Trade Association - Wikipedia
- EU – in the Database for standard classifications current member states at any given time is available
- OECD - for current member states at any given time see the OECD's website
- Developing countries – as from 2007, the figures are according to the OECD’s DAC (DAC stands for Development Assistance Committee) for definitions of countries at any given time that are recognised as recipients of official foreign aid. The DAC list also includes a section on LDCs (Least Developed Countries - defined by the UN) - which we also use in the statistics.
(Until 2006, these countries were defined as developing countries in the Norwegian trade statistics: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Croatia, Macedonia, Malta, Slovenia - Africa except South Africa - Asia excluding Japan, North and South America except USA, Canada and Greenland - Oceania except Australia and New Zealand.)
Name: External trade in goods
Topic: External economy
Division for External Trade Statistics
Statistics on imports and exports of goods are published at country level. Export figures are also given by county of production.
Monthly figures are released on the 15th of the month after the observation period (the previous month), or the first subsequent working day. With every new release, all the previous monthly figures are updated in every publication.
For more information about Revisions, please see Accuracy and Reliability.
Reports are sent to the EU statistical office (Eurostat), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN).
Non-revised and revised micro data are stored in accordance with Statistics Norway's guidelines for storing computer files (DataDok).
The purpose of the external trade statistics is to provide information about the commodity flows between Norway and other countries. Exports and imports are important economic indicators both in describing structural changes and in monitoring the economic trends. The monthly statistics of external trade in goods have been published since 1913 (value figures were published for the first time in 1866).
With regard to essential changes in the statistics, the commodity classification in line with the Harmonised System that was introduced in 1988 entailed a comprehensive restructuring of the distribution at a detailed level in relation to the earlier CCCN nomenclature (the Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature).
The statistics are mainly financed from State assignments, but also rely to some extent on market income.
The external trade statistics are a part of the national and international statistical system, and are used in the compilation of the national accounts and the balance of payment statistics in Statistics Norway. The statistics are aimed at covering the business sector’s need for data in this area for their planning of production, marketing and sales.
The statistics are also intended for prognoses and analyses performed by public authorities, research institutions and private organisations. International organisations such as the UN´s statistical office, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the statistical office of the EU (Eurostat) and others make use of the information provided in the external trade statistics.
No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 8 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.
The figures for external trade statistics are an important part of the quarterly balance of payments and national accounts and the annual national accounts.
The balance of payments also collects estimates of trade in goods which are transported directly from abroad to the Norwegian continental shelf, imports of fuel and other oil products to Norwegian ships, aircraft and units abroad. Moreover the external account interprets some of the goods from the external trade statistics in goods as a service, such as computer games, software and licenses.
In the publication of the figures for external trade we give figures for crude oil, natural gas and condensates, while the balance of payments use the collective term “crude oil and natural gas”. Terms in foreign accounts also encompass items such as naphtha, propane and butane, while the external trade statistics do not.
In addition to the statistics mentioned, external trade figures are included in many of the other statistics published by Statistics Norway, for example:
- Exports of salmon, weekly figures of salmon exports are published in addition to the regular monthly trade figures
- Indices of volume and price of external trade in goods mainly use external trade data as the basis for calculating figures. In addition, the total number of imports and exports, as well as fish and some selected commodity numbers for waste paper and scrap metal, are used as basic data in the producer price index and the price index of first-hand domestic sales
- External trade data are also used as basic data for statistics on fishery and emissions of greenhouse gases.
Mirror statistics
Mirror statistics, in the context of external trade statistics, refer to a comparison between the statistics of two or more countries: exports of goods from one country should in principle equal the imports of the same goods in the partner country.
However, discrepancies are often identified in these figures for several reasons. Although there are international guidelines for the production of external trade statistics, there may still be differences in what the countries include. An example is differences in the usage of statistical trade systems, general or special trade, which causes delimitations to the statistics content. Countries may also have different methods for data collecting and processing, which can create distortions. Furthermore, some countries collect data from customs authorities and others directly from companies.
Basically, there should be a certain difference in value between the countries, as the exporting country provides the FOB-value while the importing country in addition to this adds costs for insurance and freight all the way to the location of delivery, the CIF-value (see Definitions). Some countries collect data from customs authorities, others directly from companies. A common source of error between countries is caused by different information about which is the country of destination. Different threshold-values for inclusion of data can also create distortions, f.ex. in Norwegian external trade statistics, declarations with value less than NOK 1 000 are excluded from the import statistics. Other countries may have other delimitations. Different practise of confidentiality and demands for confidentiality, inaccurate definitions of certain commodities as well as conscious and unconscious misuse of codes can lead to use of different classification codes between countries.
From a Norwegian point of view, there is a need for comparing external trade data with the corresponding statistics of our main trading partners, principally European countries. It is in this context important to have knowledge of the rules practiced by the individual partners.
The Statistical Office of the European Union, Eurostat, publishes external trade data for EU countries, totally for the Union and separate for each member country. This statistics are produced according to EU regulations, which defines external trade as trade between the European Union trade and third countries. As a consequence of this, exports to countries in the EU from a non EU-member state are recorded as imported to EU in the first country where the goods cross the borders of the European Union. When forwarding the goods to the country of destination, the good is recorded as an item dispatched from the EU-country that first received the goods. Information about the country of origin of the commodity is not included in the records. Several of the EU-countries publishes in addition to the data presented in the Eurostat database, Comext, separately external trade statistics produced after national methodology. For information about this, consult Eurostat's annual report: Quality report on International trade statistics.
EU regulations incorporated into the EEA agreement comprise contractual obligations pursuant toto EC regulations onon data collection and distribution of data to the EU’s statistical office, Eurostat. The current regulations are as follows:
Commission Regulation (EU) No. 92/2010 of 2 February 2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No. 471/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics relating to external trade with non-member countries, as regards data exchange between customs authorities and national statistical authorities, compilation of statistics and quality assessment
Commission Regulation (EU) No. 113/2010 of 9 February 2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No. 471/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics relating to external trade with non-member countries, as regards trade coverage, definition of the data, compilation of statistics on trade by business characteristics and by invoicing currency, and specific goods or movements
Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1106/2012 of 27 November 2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No. 471/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics relating to external trade with non-member countries, as regards the update of the nomenclature of countries and territories
Statistics area and the economic territory
The scope of foreign trade statistics is based on international guidelines from the United Nations Statistical Commission.
The general recommendation is that the statistics should include all goods which add to or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) its economic territory. In addition to the geographical dimension, a country's economic territory also includes ships, aircraft and oil platforms owned by national corporations. These are goods that are not necessarily located within the geographic area, but are still viewed as part of the material resources of a country. For these goods external trade is measured by the change of economic ownership.
There are two different statistical trade systems - the general trade system and the special trade system. UN recommends using the general trade system where a country's statistical area coincides with its economic territory. This implies that goods are recorded at the time they enter or leave the economic territory. The special trade system is used when the statistical area covers only a part of the economic territory. Statistics Norway follows, with a few exceptions, the general trade system.
The Norwegian economic territory consists of mainland Norway, Svalbard, Jan Mayen, Norwegian dependencies, territorial waters, including the airspace above these, the economic zone, the Norwegian part of the continental shelf, territorial enclaves abroad (embassies, consulates, military bases, research stations) and Norwegian ships, aircraft and oil platforms.
External trade statistics is mainly based on information drawn from customs declarations. However, the responsible area of the customs authorities only covers mainland Norway and its territorial waters. As a supplement, data on important trade in goods to and from the remaining areas of the economic territory are collected directly from respondents and registers.
The following are defined as statistical area:
Mainland Norway and its territorial waters
Customs declarations contain information on physical flows of goods crossing the customs border. Imports and export that are exempted from ordinary declaration are referred to in the Customs Act §§ 4-10 and 4-11. According to the recommendations from the UN, some flows of goods should be excluded from the statistics. This includes trade in Norwegian goods between the customs area and other parts of the Norwegian economic territory. To the extent possible, trade in foreign goods to and from foreign enclaves, ships, aircraft and oil platforms located in Norway are omitted. To distinguish this type of transactions customs procedure codes from the declarations are used. In general, trade transactions are recorded at the time when the goods enter or leave the customs territory. However there are some exceptions, cf. the treatment of goods in customs warehouses.
There are four different types of customs warehouses. Goods waiting on declearance,can be stored in either a general or a central warehouse. For imports the time of recording is set when the goods are taken out of the warehouse and not when they arrived in the economic territory. This means that the statistical processing of these data follows the special trade principle. However, in practice the time difference between storage and withdrawals from warehouses is usually so small that the statistical processing is considered to be approximately equal to the general trade principle. For the remaining two types of customs warehouse; duty free and storage for further processing, the statistical treatment is according to the general trade system.
Customs declarations of exports and imports of electric current do not provide enough information for statistical purposes, and data is therefore obtained directly from the respondent.
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Import transported through the Norwegian mainland to Svalbard and Jan Mayen should be declared by customs. Data on exports of coal transported directly from Svalbard are collected directly from the respondents.
The Norwegian part of the continental shelf
Imports via the Norwegian mainland to Norwegian owned installations and vessels that operate on the continental shelf should be declared by customs. Exports of crude oil and natural gas delivered directly from the continental shelf are based on data from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and the different operators.
Norwegian owned ships, aircraft and oil platforms
Exports and imports of ships, aircraft and oil platforms are based on information from Norwegian ship registers as well as from different respondents. Export of Norwegian goods (excluding bunkers) to foreign ships and aircraft in Norwegian ports and airports are covered by customs declarations.
Data on exports of fish caught by Norwegian fishing vessels outside the customs area and landed abroad is obtained from the Directorate of Fisheries.
In accordance with the UN recommendations the following trade in goods are not included in the statistics:
- Goods in transit, ie goods attending the Norwegian economic territory to be directly transported to a recipient outside this area
- Goods traded through intermediate trade, ie goods transported between two foreign countries without entering the Norwegian economic territory
- Goods physically crossing the country border, but defined as a service (including newspaper subscriptions, accompanied baggage, household goods)
- Content delivered electronically (including e-books, downloadable games, etc.), defined purely as a service
- Issued banknotes, securities and monetary gold
- Samples, gifts and promotional material etc. with a low value
- Goods for repair or return after repair
- Goods in unaltered condition in return to vendor (claims etc.) and waste containers, replacement deliveries and free repairs (warranty)
- Items for temporary use, that are returned within 12 months (exhibition, demonstration, scientific research, loan, professional equipment, transport vehicles in international traffic, containers, equipment in use for the press, radio and television equipment, etc.)
- Change in ownership of non-financial assets
- Goods that are damaged on the journey to and from the Norwegian economic territory
- Satellites equipment moved to and launched in other countries without any change of ownership
- Goods functioning as means of transport (ship, aircraft, packaging, etc.
- Waste and scrap without any commercial value
Furthermore goods totalling less than NOK 1 000 are omitted, these goods amounts to less than one per cent of the import and about 0.04 per cent of the export. Imports of goods for less than NOK 200 and exports of goods less than NOK 5.000 (except from goods that are subject to taxes and restrictions) are not subject to declaration by the Customs.
The statistics are mainly based on administrative information obtained from TVINN, which is the Norwegian Customs’ electronic information system for the exchange of customs declarations between businesses and Norwegian Customs. Some data is, however, obtained from other sources, and more information on this can be found in the paragraph on data collection.
Sampling is not not relevant as external trade is a total count of the goods defined in the population.
Data collection
The vast majority of the data is, as mentioned, collected through the Customs’ TVINN register and transmitted electronically to Statistics Norway. However, some additional data, as shown below, is obtained separately.
Exports of crude oil and natural gas in gaseous state
Preliminary and final figures for exported volumes of crude oil and natural gas in gaseous state are collected through monthly reports from the operators and the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. The prices, however, are obtained via various sources depending on whether they relate to crude oil or natural gas, and whether the data is being collected to compile preliminary or final figures.
From 2013 on, the development in the in gas prices from the producer price index (PPI) used to calculate the preliminary gas prices for foreign trade, while the level will be based on the value determined from the last registered price. PPI obtain figures for natural gas from different open sources for gas prices in the European market.
Preliminary oil prices are based on the reference price of Brent Blend for the current month.
For crude oil, the final prices: quarterly surveys from the licensees, as well as information from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy and the operators.
For natural gas, final prices: a quarterly average price based on information from a selection of licensees and operators was used until 2019. From 2020 on we have monthly prices also for these figures.
Due to insufficient information about country of destination there are from 2013 on changes in the dissemination of the figures of exports of natural gas in gaseous state. From 2013, country of destination according to these figures will be based on the landing point of the pipelines with natural gas from the Norwegian continental shelf.
Exports of crude oil in pipelines to Great Britain
All exports of Norwegian crude oil that are transported by pipeline to Teeside are registered in the official statistics with the UK as the country of destination. The ownership is Norwegian until the oil is processed in Great Britain, but because a commodity is registered as exported when it physically has crossed the Norwegian border.
After this unstabilized crude oil has gone through a fractionation process, where it is separated into the components of stabilized crude oil, ethane, propane and butane, it is shipped onwards, thus giving a new country distribution. Crude oil has to be stabilized in order to be transported by ship.
Only those shipments regarded as genuine importation into Great Britain is regarded are included in the statistics of Great Britain. All other flows are regarded as being in transit, and therefore excluded.
The figures by country in Statbank table 12780 for “Crude oil, incl. oil by pipelines after processing in Great Britain” shows reallocated figures after country of destination for oil exports by pipe lines (to Great Britain) and by ship to all countries.
Only those shipments regarded as genuine importation into Great Britain is regarded are included in the statistics of Great Britain. All other flows are regarded as being in transit, and therefore excluded.
The fractionation process implies that some of the crude oil disappears, thereby different total figures.
Imports and exports of ships and oil platforms
The data collection for vessels is based on current information from the Norwegian ship registers the Norwegian Ordinary Ship Register (NOR) and the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS).
When it comes to oil platforms, information is collected from the Norwegian ship registers, the Customs’ TVINN register and importer/exporter.
Imports and exports of electricity
Information is received from Statnett. The volume of imports and exports of electricity is measured by the net transfer of the power grid junction point towards foreign countries and is registered every hour. The value of this trade is calculated by multiplying the amount of electricity transferred per hour with Norpools market price for the current hour. Thereafter the figures are aggregated to a monthly level.
Imports and exports of aircraft
For some aircrafts, monthly reports are received from Statistics Sweden, while the rest are obtained through regular declarations in the TVINN system.
Exports of coal from Svalbard
Reports on the export of coal from Svalbard are received yearly from the exporter.
Exports of fish caught by Norwegian vessels outside the Norwegian customs border
Since July 2010, the figures have been obtained from the Directorate of Fisheries (FDIR). Prior to that, the information was gathered through TVINN.
Data editing
Information from customs declarations is subject to statistical controls in the Customs declaration system (TVINN). The controls to check the estimated price, quantity and country were developed by the Customs in cooperation with Statistics Norway.
Data controls at Statistics Norway take place at different levels - some as soon as the data is loaded into the system (automatic recoding of variables). The manual part of the revision consists of different types of validity and probability tests. The former are controls of absolute errors, such as missing transport code, while the other type of test may check unlikely country codes or unreasonably high quantities for a specific type of good. The system aims to intercept the most serious errors in the data. Data collected from sources other than the Customs also undergo similar checks.
Estimations
External trade is based on a total count but some items are excluded, cf. section of population. There is no need for any statistical estimations of current figures, only aggregations, in order to enable us to publish in a timely manner.
The methods and routines used to produce seasonally adjusted figures are described in the chapter About seasonal adjustment.
The Statistics Act § 7 covers the disclosure of information.
The requirements for confidentiality in external trade of goods are practised so that data is suppressed only when the establishment/enterprise has a valid reason for confidential treatment and actively asks for it. Exporters/importers can demand suppression when there are 3 or fewer companies that import or export an item type to a given country, or when a company has a market share of over 90 per cent, or if two firms have a market share of over 95 per cent.This is called "passive confidentiality" and is in line with UN recommendations. This method is used by most countries..
Since Norway has a number of major manufacturers that are dominant in some product areas, some suppression of information exists on the export side. Between 5 and 10 per cent of mainland exports are affected by confidentiality. For imports, it is far less; around 1 per cent. Some commodity areas are more problematic with regard to dissemination, since suppression on highly aggregated levels must be carried out.
The six-digit HS-based commodity classification is subject to revisions due to technological development and also development in the commodity spectres of the international trade. These adjustments are normally made every five years. The most recent HS revision was implemented on 1 January 2012. Furthermore, national adjustments are made every year at the national eight-digit level. These revisions can create breaks in the time series for some commodity numbers. Detailed information about this is available in the yearly Commodity List External Trade. Correspondence tables between the different editions of the HS are available on the UN website.
With regard to the divisions according to the SITC, the current SITC-Rev.4 was introduced in January 2007, when it replaced the previous SITC-Rev.3 (1988-2006). The relation between the figures for the years before and after 2007 can be misleading for some commodity numbers. The degree of influence depends on the value of the commodity numbers that now have a different group affiliation. Correspondence tables between the different editions of the SITC are also available on the UN website.
For the tables that use the CPA nomenclature, the 2008 edition is used for the whole series.
Other elements influencing the comparability over time: The imports and exports of ships and oil platforms in the statistics were extended in 1991 to include transactions that concern vessels under a foreign flag with a Norwegian-registered holding company. Furthermore, the definition of developing countries was changed in 2007, which affects the figures slightly.
The data material in the External trade in goods statistics is very extensive, and at the most detailed level the quality can vary. The quality will be affected by errors in reported data. Collection errors can occur from incorrect values, incomplete information or misinterpretation of data on customs declarations. Examples of this are use of wrong commodity number, country code, county of production or incorrect quantity.
Users of the statistics must therefore consider this when using detailed figures. Commodity numbers with little trade, measured in value, will be more prone to errors than commodity numbers with a lot of trade. Furthermore, the statistical variables weight and quantity have poorer quality than value. Goods with restrictions and trade to particular countries are, however, monitored more closely.
Statistics Norway is required to report detailed figures to Eurostat, and therefore finds it appropriate that the figures are also published to Norwegian users, despite the varying quality.
Other sources of error include late updates, which sometimes occur for the trade with ships and oil platforms. The rules for customs clearance, which entail exemption from the duty to declare for goods with value below a set value, lead to lower figures than the real trade. This is not the best solution for preparation of the national accounts, where these lacking figures are estimated separately.
The calculation of seasonally-adjusted data beyond the usual seasonal effects is adjusted for the fact that trade is distributed unevenly across the week and taking into account the effect of Easter, as described in the section of estimations. However, beyond this nothing in particular is done. Therefore, it would be natural to assume that the seasonally-adjusted December figures should be interpreted more cautiously because of the Christmas holidays.
The export trade statistics is a full count, so there are therefore no non-response errors or sampling errors.
When publishing statistics for a new month of measurement, figures for the previous months in the same year are also revised. Furthermore, the figures for all months of the year are revised twice more: First time in May the following year (year t + 1), before final figures are published in May one year later (year t + 2). See External trade in goods tables in the Statbank in for more information about the size of the revisions.
At the aggregate level, the difference between preliminary monthly figures and revised figures published in May year t + 1 will normally be small for imports and mainland exports. At a detailed level and for individual months, the revisions can be of greater importance, relatively speaking. For oil and gas, larger audits can be experienced, in particular, related to the calculation of oil and gas prices. The revisions of the final publication in year t + 2 will normally be of minor importance, but in some cases relatively significant corrections can also be uncovered in this time perspective.
Monthly and quarterly time series are often characterised by considerable seasonal variations, which might complicate their interpretation. Such time series are therefore subjected to a process of seasonal adjustment in order to remove the effects of these seasonal fluctuations. Once data have been adjusted for seasonal effects by X-12-ARIMA or some other seasonal adjustment tool, a clearer picture of the time series emerges.
More information on seasonal adjustment, metadata on methods.
Many commodities in external trade in goods have a pattern that appear repeatedly at about the same time every year.
An example of seasonal variation for external trade in goods is the export of fish, where the seasonal pattern is influenced by fish species having different fishing seasons and international demands. The export of skrei is highest in February and March, and the salmon export highest towards the end of the year. Another example is the export of natural gas, where the amount exported varies with the winter and summer seasons, due to different demand from European countries.
To be able to follow the underlying development from month to month without being influenced by such variations, the figures are seasonally adjusted.
Pre-treatment is an adjustment for variations caused by calendar effects and outliers.
We follow the European Statistical System (ESS) guidelines on seasonal adjustment (ec.europa.eu) as far as possible. When background information for an outlier is available, the outlier is included as an explanatory variable (regressor) in the model.
For handling the corona crisis in the seasonal adjustment, we follow Eurostat's guidelines (available on Eurostat's web site as PDF), which state that the effect of the corona crisis should not be included in the basis for estimation of seasonal factors.
Calendar adjustment
Calendar adjustment contains both adjustments for trading days effects and for moving holiday effects. Adjustments for trading days means that we adjust the raw data so that both the number of working days since the composition of these can vary from period to period.
Calendar adjustment is carried out on all series that show a significant and plausible calendar effect with RegARIMA procedure (a regression model where the noise term is modelled by an ARIMA model).
Calendar regression variables are processed in accordance with the Norwegian holidays and public holidays.
Methods for trading/working day adjustment
RegARIMA correction is used – in this case, the effect of trading days is estimated in a RegArima framework. The effect of trading days can be estimated by using a correction for the length of the month or leap year, regressing the series on the number of working days etc. In this case, the residuals will have an ARIMA structure.
Correction for moving holidays
Test for moving holidays’ effect of Easter holiday after the X-13-ARIMAs impact modell. Very few series have a significant moving holidays’ effect.
National and EU/euro area calendars
Use of the Norwegian calendar, which considers Norwegian working days and public holidays.
Treatment of outliers
Outliers, or extreme values, are abnormal values of the series.
Series are inspected to identify outliers. Once identified, outliers are explained/modelled using all available information. Outliers for which a clear interpretation exists (changed methodology in data collections, special events and consequences of government policy changes etc.) are included as regressors in the model.
The identified outliers are predefined in pre-adjustment’s model. Program will only search for the last year for outlier. They are detected automatically by the seasonal adjustment tool. The outliers are removed before seasonal adjustment is carried out, and then reintroduced into the seasonally adjusted data.
Model selection
Pre-treatment requires choosing an ARIMA model, as well as deciding whether the data should be log-transformed or not.
Model selection is automatic, by JDemetra+’s established routines.
Decomposition routine
The decomposition routine specifies how the trend, seasonal and irregular components are decomposed. The most common decompositions are the multiplicative, additive or log additive.
We have used an automatic decomposition scheme selection in JDemetra+, and multiplicative decomposition is used for most series in this model.
Choice of seasonal adjustment approach: X-13 method in JDemetra+ (github.io)
Consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted data
In some series it is preferred that, for example, the sum of monthly seasonally adjusted figures for a year should be identical to the sum of monthly figures in the original raw series.
For the external trade statistics, no consistency conditions are applied.
Consistency between aggregate/definition of seasonally adjusted data
In some series, consistency between seasonally adjusted totals and the original series is imposed. For some series there is also a special relationship between the different series, e.g. GDP which equals production minus intermediate consumption.
Due to indirect approach for aggregates, the consistency is automatically fulfilled.
Direct versus indirect approach
Direct seasonal adjustment is performed if every time series, including aggregates, are seasonally adjusted on an individual basis. Indirect seasonal adjustment is performed if the seasonally adjusted estimate for a time series is derived by combining the estimates for two or more directly adjusted series.
A total of 38 seasonally adjusted series are published. Main aggregates such as total imports, total exports, mainland exports are seasonally adjusted indirectly. Furthermore, we have seasonally adjusted import and export series according to the one-digit SITC. All these series are value series. We find seasonal patterns for all these series, except SITC9 where series are adjusted mostly for calendar effects and the results from seasonal adjustment is uncertain.
The important export commodities crude oil, natural gas in gaseous form, fish (SITC03), metals other than iron and steel (SITC68) and electricity (SITC35) are seasonally adjusted for both value and volume, where volume series are direct adjusted and value series are indirectly adjusted.
Horizon for estimating the model and the correction factors
When performing seasonal adjustment of a time series, it is possible to choose the period to be used in estimating the model and the correction factors. Correction factors are the factors used in the pre-treatment and seasonal adjustment of the series.
The entire time series from January 2005 on is used to estimate the model and the correction factors.
General revision policy
Seasonally adjusted data may change due to a revision of the unadjusted (raw) data or the addition of new data. Such changes are called revisions, and there are several ways to deal with the problem of revisions when publishing the seasonally adjusted statistics.
In accordance with recommendations from the ESS guidelines, the models behind the seasonally adjusted figures will be subject to a thorough review once a year.
Concurrent versus current adjustment
Partial concurrent adjustment: the model is identified and estimated yearly, while filters, outliers (last year) and regression parameters are re-identified and estimated continuously as new or revised data become available.
Horizon for published revisions
The revision period for the seasonally adjusted results is limited to 4 years prior to the revision period of the unadjusted data, while older data are frozen.
Evaluation of seasonally adjustment data
A detailed set of graphical, descriptive, non-parametric and parametric criteria defined to assess the relevant characteristics of seasonally adjusted data are used.
Quality measures for seasonal adjustment
A set of available diagnostics within the seasonal adjusted tools and graphical capabilities are used.
A table containing selected quality indicators for the seasonal adjustments is available. The table is available here: indicators_seasonaladjustment (XLSX)
More information about the quality indicator is found here: metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment (PDF).
Seasonal adjustment of short time series
All series are sufficiently long to perform an optimal seasonal adjustment.
Treatment of problematic series
Following the Corona crisis that started in the 1st quarter of 2020, the seasonal adjustment follows the Eurostat guidelines for how to treat this extraordinary event. The result being that the effect of the Corona crisis is not a part of the foundation of the seasonal patterns. We assume that the seasonal pattern is unchanged, and that we correct for the systematic seasonal variation calculated on data before the corona crisis.
Data availability
Unadjusted figures (original series or raw data) and seasonally adjusted are available.